MIDTERM EXAM

• HEAT EMERGENCIES - Heat emergencies or illnesses are health crises caused by exposure to hot weather and sun.
• HEAT CRAMPS - Painful involuntary muscle cramps that can occur during and after exercise.
• HEAT EXHAUSTION - Occurs in conditions of extreme heat and excessive sweating without adequate fluid.
• HEAT​ STROKE - When the body becomes unable to control its temperature
• FAINTING - Partial or complete loss of consciousness resulting from a temporary reduction of blood flow to the brain
• ASTHMA ATTACK - An illness in which certain substances or conditions that will trigger and cause inflammation, constriction and making breathing difficult
• ANAPHYLAXIS - An allergic reaction caused by the over activity of the immune system against specific antigens​​. A severe, potentially life-threatening allergic reaction
• A seizure is a sudden attack of physical manifestations or changes in behavior that occur after an episode of abnormal electrical activity in the brain. It is often used interchangeably with “convulsions”.
• Basic Life Support - Are emergency procedure that consists of recognizing respiratory or cardiac arrest or both and the proper application of CPR to maintain life until a victim recovers or advanced life support is available. 
• Respiratory Arrest – (-) Breathing (+) Pulse
• LLF – Look, Listen and Feel (10 seconds)
• ADULT  (13y/o above) – Maximum Head​

  Tilt Chin Lift
• CHILD ( 12 y/o – 1 y/o) – Neutral Plus Position
• Infant (Newborn-1y/o)  – Neutral Position
• Cardiac Arrest (-) Breathing ​(-) Pulse
• Adult and Child – CAROTID PULSE
• INFANT – BRACHIAL PULSE
• Foreign-body Airway Obstructions - Also known as choking, is a common breathing emergency that occurs when the person’s airway is partially or completely blocked by a foreign object, such as a piece of food or a small toy; by swelling in the mouth or throat; or by fluids, such as vomit or blood.
• Anatomical Obstruction - When tongue drops back and obstructs the throat. Other causes are acute asthma, croup, diphtheria, swelling and whooping cough.
• Mechanical Obstruction - When foreign objects lodged in the pharynx or airways; solid or liquid accumulate in the back of the throat.
• Mild  airway obstruction is a type of obstruction in which patient can still talk, cough, make wheezing sounds, and answer the question “Are you choking?”
• Severe  airway obstruction is a poor air exchange and increased breathing difficulty, inability to speak, cough and breathe.
• Abdominal/Chest thrust/ Backslaps - Is a first aid procedure that is performed on a person who is chocking. This is done by applying pressure on the upper abdomen or at the chest at the center of the breastbone from the back so as to remove the chocking object.​
• Respiratory Arrest - is a type of breathing emergencies which occurs when breathing has stopped. ​
• Rescue Breathing - Is a technique of breathing air into a person to supply him or her with the oxygen needed to survive. Rescue breathing is given to victims who are not breathing or inadequate but still have pulse.​
• Asthma Attack - Asthma is an illness in which certain substances or conditions; called “triggers,” cause inflammation and constriction of the airways, making breathing difficult. 
• CHAIN OF SURVIVAL

  • Early Access
  • Early Cardio-Pulmonary Resuscitation
  • Early Defibrillation
  • Early Advance Cardiac Life Support
  • Post Cardiac Arrest Care
• Heart Attack - Also called "myocardial infarction" occurs when the blood and oxygen supply to the heart is reduced causing damage to the heart muscle and preventing blood from circulating effectively. It is usually caused by coronary heart disease.
• Cardiac Arrest - Is a condition occurs when the heart stops contracting and no blood circulates thru the blood vessels and vital organs are deprived of oxygen.
• Cardio-Pulmonary Resuscitation - Is a combination of chest compression and rescue breathing.
• Automated External Defibrillator (AED) - are computerized devices that are attached to a pulseless victim with adhesive pads. They will recommend shock delivery only if the victim’s heart rhythm is one that a shock can treat. AEDs give rescuers visual and voice prompts to guide rescuer actions
• Ventricular Fibrillation (VF)​ - Is a common initial rhythm in witnessed sudden cardiac arrest. It occurs when the heart has rapid, uncoordinated, ineffective contractions and does not pump blood.