Reproduction

• Sexual reproduction requires two parents, who have sex organs that produce gametes
• Sexual reproduction is the process of combining the genetic information of two parents to produce offspring
• Asexual reproduction involves one parent producing genetically identical offspring without mating with another organism.
• Bacteria reproduce by binary fission, which is the division of a single cell into two identical cells
• Some flowering plants reproduce by budding, where a part of their body grows into a new organism
• Fertilisation is when the sperm cell fuses with the egg cell to form a zygote
• The uterus is where a foetus will develop
• Eggs travel through the oviduct on the way to the uterus
• The ovary is where eggs are stored and released
• The cervix is a narrow opening between the uterus and the vagina
• The lining of the uterus thickens every month to receive a fertilised egg
• Sperm enter the body through the vagina
• Sperm leave the body through the urethra
• The testis produce sperm cells
• Sperm travel along the sperm duct on the way to the urethra
• The scrotum holds the testicles outside the body
• The glands add fluid to nourish the sperm
• The penis fills with blood and becomes erect
• The male and female gamete contain 23 chromosomes each
• During puberty, oestrogen and progesterone are secreted by the ovaries
• Testosterone is secreted by the testes in the male
• In the menstrual cycle, your period is when the lining of the uterus sheds
• Ovulation occurs around the 14th day of your period
• The ovum's jelly coat makes sure only one sperm can enter
• The cytoplasm contains a store of food for energy in the ovum
• The sperm has mitochondria in the 'neck'
• The sperm swim through the cervix and uterus to get to the ovum
• While the fertilised ovum, or zygote, is travelling towards the uterus, it rapidly divides into about 100 cells called an embryo
• Implantation is when the embryo embeds itself into the uterus lining
• The sperm and egg join together - they don't meet!
• The amnion protects the foetus and contains amniotic fluid
• An ejaculation is when the penis releases sperm inside the vagina
• The umbilical cord begins to form at six weeks
• After two months the embryo becomes a foetus
• The placenta allows nutrients and oxygen to pass into the foetus and waste and carbon dioxide to pass away
• In a flower, the carpel is the female parts and the stamen is the male