Bruner and Minturn Expectation

• Aim

  To investigate how expectations can influence perception
• Method

  Independent groups design

  One group shown numbers One group shown letters

  The stimuli in the middle was the ambiguous figure that could be perceived as a B or 13

  Participants had to write down what the ambiguous figure was
• Results

  Group shown letters were more likely to write B

  Group shown numbers were more likely to write 13
• Conclusion

  By changing the context in which visual information is presented it’s possible to change the way the information is perceived

  Expectation is an influence on perceptual set
• Strength

  Supports Gregorys constructivist theory that the way we interpret information is based on past experiences
• Weakness

  Low mundane realism as it’s unrealistic to be asked to draw a stimulus based off whether you saw a sequence of letters or numbers