Homeostasis describes all of the processes that happen in a cell or organism to maintain optimal conditions
What are receptor cells?
receptor cells detect changes in the environment and initiate a signalling process within the body
What are the function of coordination centres?
Coordination centres receive and process information arriving from receptor cells
What’s the function of effectors ?
Effectors are glands or muscles that carry out responses to stimuli that help to restore optimum levels
what is thermoregulation?
The process of maintaining a stable internal body temperature of 37 degrees
What is negative feedback?
Negative feedback is a loop-like process In which the body reverses changes away from the optimal conditions
What is the hypothalamus?
the hypothalamus is the part of the brain that detects changes in blood temperature and water concentration
What is the pituitary gland?
the pituitary gland is found in the brain and releases hormones in response to changes detected by the hypothalamus
What is the thyroid gland?
the thyroid gland is found in the neck and releases the hormone thyroxine
What is the purpose of thyroxine?
thyroxine is responsible for regulating the growth and brain development of young animals by controlling the metabolic rate
What happens when the concentration of thyroxine is low?
when the concentration of thyroxine in the blood is low, the production of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) is increased
Describe the adrenal glands?
The adrenal glands are situated above the kidneys and produce adrenaline
What does adrenaline trigger?
Increases in heart rate and blood pressure, enlarges the air passages of the lungs to boost the delivery of oxygen, ‘fight or flight’ response, dilation of the pupils
describe insulin?
insulin is a hormone that stimulates tissues to convert excess glucose into glycogen
What is glucagon?
glucagon is a hormone that stimulates the liver to convert glycogen back into glucose.
What is type 1 diabetes?
Type 1 diabetes is where there is an inability to produce enough insulin.
What is type 2 diabetes?
Type 2 diabetes is an inability to respond to insulin that is produced
What is the characteristics of glycogen?
Insoluble, used as a storage compound for excess glucose, made from glucose
What is the function of FSH
FSH causes an egg in the ovary to mature and stimulates the production of oestrogen.
What is the function of LH
LH stimulates the release of a mature egg on day 14 of the menstrual cycle
What’s the function of oestrogen?
Oestrogen causes the development of the thick, spongy uterus lining, stimulates the production of LH, inhibits the production of FSH
what’s the function of progesterone?
Progesterone is responsible for maintaining the lining of the uterus during days 14-28, inhibits the release of LH and FSH