Homeostasis

• What is homeostasis?

  Homeostasis describes all of the processes that happen in a cell or organism to maintain optimal conditions
• What are receptor cells?

  receptor cells detect changes in the environment and initiate a signalling process within the body
• What are the function of coordination centres?

  Coordination centres receive and process information arriving from receptor cells
• What’s the function of effectors ?

  Effectors are glands or muscles that carry out responses to stimuli that help to restore optimum levels
• what is thermoregulation?

  The process of maintaining a stable internal body temperature of 37 degrees
• What is negative feedback?

  Negative feedback is a loop-like process In which the body reverses changes away from the optimal conditions
• What is the hypothalamus?

  the hypothalamus is the part of the brain that detects changes in blood temperature and water concentration
• What is the pituitary gland?

  the pituitary gland is found in the brain and releases hormones in response to changes detected by the hypothalamus
• What is the thyroid gland?

  the thyroid gland is found in the neck and releases the hormone thyroxine
• What is the purpose of thyroxine?

  thyroxine is responsible for regulating the growth and brain development of young animals by controlling the metabolic rate
• What happens when the concentration of thyroxine is low?

  when the concentration of thyroxine in the blood is low, the production of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) is increased
• Describe the adrenal glands?

  The adrenal glands are situated above the kidneys and produce adrenaline
• What does adrenaline trigger?

  Increases in heart rate and blood pressure, enlarges the air passages of the lungs to boost the delivery of oxygen, ‘fight or flight’ response, dilation of the pupils
• describe insulin?

  insulin is a hormone that stimulates tissues to convert excess glucose into glycogen
• What is glucagon?

  glucagon is a hormone that stimulates the liver to convert glycogen back into glucose.
• What is type 1 diabetes?

  Type 1 diabetes is where there is an inability to produce enough insulin.
• What is type 2 diabetes?

  Type 2 diabetes is an inability to respond to insulin that is produced
• What is the characteristics of glycogen?

  Insoluble, used as a storage compound for excess glucose, made from glucose
• What is the function of FSH

  FSH causes an egg in the ovary to mature and stimulates the production of oestrogen.
• What is the function of LH

  LH stimulates the release of a mature egg on day 14 of the menstrual cycle
• What’s the function of oestrogen?

  Oestrogen causes the development of the thick, spongy uterus lining, stimulates the production of LH, inhibits the production of FSH
• what’s the function of progesterone?

  Progesterone is responsible for maintaining the lining of the uterus during days 14-28, inhibits the release of LH and FSH