Cell types

• Name the terms in an animal cell

  Nucleus, Mitochrondia, Cytoplasm, Cell membrane, Ribosome
• What is a nucleus?

  Contains genes and controls the activities of the cell
• What is mitochondria?

  Tiny structures where respiration takes place, releasing energy for cell processes
• What is cytoplasm?

  Jelly-like substance that fills the cell where reactions take place
• What is a cell membrane?

  controls what goes in and out of the cell
• What is ribosomes?

  Where proteins are made (Proteinsynthesis)
• What can be found only in plant cells?

  Cell wall, Chloroplasts and vacuole
• What is a cell wall?

  Made of cellulose, and is tough to maintain the cells shape.
• What is a vacuole?

  Contains cell sap, which helps to keep the plant rigid
• What are chloroplasts?

  They are organelles in plant cells that contain chlorophyll for photosynthesis to make food for the cell
• Are bacteria prokaryotic or eukaryotic?

  Prokaryotic, due to them having no nucleus
• Name the organelles bacteria have

  Cell wall, ribosomes, Plasmid DNA, A single loop of of chromosomal DNA, cell membrane, flagellum
• What is plasmid DNA?

  Contains additional genes that are not found in the chromosomes (eg, antibiotic resistance)
• What is the single loop of DNA?

  It is a single loop of chromosomal DNA that lies free in the cytoplasm, and contains most of the bacteria's genes.
• Why does the bacteria have a cell membrane for?

  For protection, and it is not made out of cellulose
• What is a flagellum?

  A tail to help the bacteria move
• Compare eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells

  Eukaryotic:

  • Contain a nucleus and organelles bound by plasma membranes
  • Nucleus present
  • Multicellular

  
  

  Prokaryotic:

  • Do not have a membrane bound nucleus or organelles
  • No nucleus
  • Unicellular
• What organelles do bacteria NOT possess that animal and plant cells do?

  -No mitochondria

  -No chloroplasts

  -No nucleus
• How are egg cells adapted to their function?

  • Contains nutrients in the cytoplasm to supply the growing embryo
  • It has a haploid nucleus that can fuse with a sperm's haploid nucleus to create a diploid zygote
  • After fertilisation, the membrane changes so that no more sperm can enter
• How are sperm cells adapted to their function?

  • Has a tail for swimming to the egg cell for fertilisation
  • Many mitochondria around the base of the tail to release energy needed to propel the sperm
  • The acrosome contains enzymes to digest a way through the egg cell membrane
• How are epithelial cells adapted to their function?

  • Epithelial cells line tubes eg. trachea
  • Cillia moves things along the tube such as mucus.
  • This cell has a lot of cilia to move mucus, containing dirt and bacteria away from the lungs