Hardcastle et al. (2013)

• Hardcastle et al. (2013) studied Direct Effect Theory and the effects of song lyrics
• Hardcastle et al. studied Direct Effect Theory and the effects of song lyrics in 2013
• Hardcastle et al. (2013) researcher into direct effect theories of song lyrics and examined positive references to alcohol and the use of alcohol in popular music
• Hardcastle et al. (2013) contrasted the references of public health messages about the dangers of excessive alcohol use and alcohol in Popular Music
• Hardcastle et al. (2013) argued that the exposure of young people people to alcohol in the media is a major concern given its potential impact on drinking behaviour
• Positive Representations of Alcohol and Drugs in the media:

  • Euphoria
  • Skins
  • The song 'Escapism' by Raye
  • Hip Hop Music