People of the UK

• What's a trade?

  The buying and selling of good between countries
• What's an import?

  The purchase of goods from another country
• What's an export?

  The selling of good to another country
• What's a trade deficit?


  The amount by which a country's imports exceed the value of its exports
• What are the uk imports?

  -Petroleum (£18.4 billion)

  -Vehicles (£16.7 billion)

  -Manufactured (£9.9 billion)

  -Electrical (£9.6 billions)

  -Medicinal (£9.6 billion)

  -Power Eqpt (£8.5 billion)

  -Clohting (£7.9 billion)

  -telecommunications (£7.9 billion)

  -Industrial Machinery (£6.8 billion)

  -Office machines (£6.3 billion)
• Uk exports

  -Power eqpt (nuclear £38.8 billion)

  -Petroleum (£33.4 billion)

  -Vehicles (£23.5 billion)

  -Electrical (£17.2 billion)

  -Medicinal (£16.9 billion)

  -Gemstones (£12.3 billion)

  -Optical and Photographic (£9.1 billion)

  -Chemicals (£9 billion)

  -Aircraft's (£8.0 billion)

  -Plastics (£6.1 billion)
• Uk country imports

  -Germany (£56 bn)

  -Holland (£34bn)

  -USA (£32.1bn)

  -Chinas (£31.6bn)

  -France (£24.8bn)

  -Belgium (£22.1bn)

  -Ireland (£18.2bn)

  -Norway (£16.8bn)

  -Italy (£15.2bn)

  -Spain (£12.5)
• Uk country export

  -USA (£35.7bn)

  -Germany(£27.5bn)

  -France (£18.9bn)

  -Holland (£18.8bn)

  -Ireland (£14bn)

  -Belgium (£12.9bn)

  -Spain (£7.9bn)

  -Sweden (£5.1bn)

  -India (£3.1bn)
• What's a primary sector?

  Primary industries are classed as those which produce the raw materials for Industry
• What's a secondary sector?

  Secondary Industries are the manufacturing and assembly industries
• What's a tertiary sector?

  Tertiary industries are service industries
• What's a quaternary sector?

  Quaternary industries are the research and development industries
• self-employment

  -Increasing number of people starting their own business -particularly with the growth of e-commerce ne

  -Contract work gives individuals greater flexibility

  -Estimate 50% of USA workforce will be self-employeeed but 2035
• Types of Job/Quaternary

  -People training/educated for jobs that don't exist yet

  -Huge growth of green/environments jobs in the future

  -Knowledge based sector growing (research, IT and medicine)
• Reasons for change in Primary sector

  -Increase in mechanisation of agriculture required fewer people to work on land

  -wages are low

  -work is seasonal

  -natural resources of the uk are largely depleted or uneconomic
• Reasons for change in secondary sector

  -Growth of industry in 1800s and early 1900s due to the Industrial Revolution

  -Increase during WW11 due to needs of war

  -Drops of significantly from 1961 due to de-industrialisation

  -Uk factories/industry decline due to:

  1.Cheaper labour in LIDCs/EDCs

  2.Poor quality goods e.g. British ley land

  3.Strikes and lack of investment in new equipment
• Reasons for change in tertiary sector

  -Huge growth from 1960s in UK industry becomes more dependent upon consumerism

  -Need to purchase new goods and technology

  -Reform of the finance
• Reasons for change in Quaternary Sector

  Quaternary industries are the newest and the mot high-tech sector of industry. They are the research and development industry
• What is ethnicity?

  Relates to a group of people who have a common National or culture tradition
• Why are ethnics group found in similar areas?

  -Traditional industry areas

  -Housing

  -Language/Culture

  -Airports
• Traditional industry areas


  First/second wave migrants moved looking for low skilled employment. This was mainly found in factories
• Housing


  Cheaper in the old industrial cities living closer to factories in small terraced houses. Closeness to factories in small houses. Closeness to factories also meant low transport costs
• Language/Culture

  Many migrants did not speak English so chose to move into areas where other migrants were found. This is also meant places in religious worship could grow and shops saving food staffs from their country of origin
• Airports


  In the most recent wave of migration to Uk (from EU) many travelled to regional airports e.g Leeds,Bradford,Exeter, as this gave them quick and easy access way back to country of origin
• Why areas in the UK achieve half as well at GCSE than the richest areas?

  The most deprived (poorest) areas
• Broadband Access

  -Tend to be higher and better quality in cities and urban areas

  -Areas with higher population density (B'ham, London) have faster download speeds

  -There also tend to be areas with high employment tertiary owing to use of broadband in that sector
• What is the north/south divide

  There is a clear divide in wealth in the UK, some regions and cities are wealthier than other, and the people who live there have a higher standard of living and can even live longer
• Generally what do people who live in the south get?

  -Generally earn more per week

  -Generate more wealth for the UK

  -Are less likely to be unemployed

  -Live longer
• Why has the North/South divide moved northwards?

  As commute times to London has reduced and higher property prices in London has forced people to move further away
• Causes of the North/South Divide

  -Tourist effectiveness in South

  -Bias towards London (30% of the UK GDP)

  -Investment from companies. TNCs/MNCs focused on London

  -North was traditionally heavy industry - gone because of deindustrialisation

  -South is closer to EU which is a major trading partner
• Uneven Economic Development in the UK causes (North/South divide)

  -Geographical location

  -Economic Change

  -Government Policy

  -Infrastructure
• Geographical location

  -North more distant to Europe than south - Glasgow is 500 miles from Europe but London is only 125 miles

  -Europe is our main trading partner so communications is closer and quicker for than than North

  -Eurostar, several ferry routes and many air connections - enables real transportation of goods and people from South East

  -London generates over 30% UK's GDP - Over 20 million people live within a 1 hour commute of London

  -Many Unis in south of UK- provides many workers
• Economic change

  -In 2015, every 12 jobs created in southern cities, only 1 is created in cities elsewhere

  -De-industrialisation meant many industries in the North were closed down causing people to lose the job (Teesside Steelworks closed down and lost 1,700 jobs)

  -Decline in Primary and Secondary sectors in UK since 1970s - the employment in these sectors drop by over 30% between 1961 and 2011

  -Deindustrialisation driven by cheaper overseas labour - manufacturing jobs moved overseas

  -North unemployment is 11.2% but south has an unemployment rate of 6.1%

  -Largest markets located in south-east - companies have a greater potential to maximise profits by locating in the south e.g. BP's headquarters are in London

  -Increase in unemployment can lead to reduction in taxes, higher crime rates and deprivation

  -South has a greater conc of tertiary and financial sector expanded by over 30% - higher income required higher levels of education
• Government Policy

  -Rapid growth of service sector - mainly focused in London and South East (over 30% increase in employment)

  -Projects such as Cross Rail, regeneration of London Docklands and construction of 2012 London Olympics all promote economic growth of South and London in particular

  -HS2 is a high speed railway aimed to be completed in 2033 - connect London to Birmingham, then Sheffield then Newcastle then Leeds and Manchester - aims to encourage more people to move out of London - increase average income in these areas - increase house prices and drive prosperity out of London into surrounding areas

  -Electrification of railways - reduce journey time by 15 mins - Manchester and York by 2020 and Liverpool and Newcastle
• Infrastructure

  -Involves services, communication and transport - London benefited in the number of developments - include Channel Tunnel (1994), terminal 5 at Heathrow (2008), high speed Eurostar at Pancreas (2007)

  -Expansion of airports such as Terminal 5 at Heathrow so more people will fly into these airports

  -Cross rail, to be completed in 2018 - focused on London and South East - cost £15 billion, new 100km rail route run from Reading to Heathrow in west and Shenfield and Abbey Wood in the east passing through central London in a series of tunnel -carry 200 million passengers a year and add an estimated £42 billion to the economy of UK - more people can travel to London easier than the North

  -HS2 is a £50bn project

  -Houser cheaper in North than South - one bedroom flat in London costs £1,400 per month but in Birmingham a one bedroom flat costs £750 per month. Average house price in North East = £154,000, Average house price in South East = £305,000
• Benefits of line graph

  -Easy to read and spot trends

  -Measure exact points on the line to extract data
• Disadvantages of line graphs

  -Generalised for one location - no breakdown of areas

  -No table of data for specific information
• What is birth rate?

  the number of live births per thousand of population per year.
• What is death rate?

  The number of deaths per 1000 people per year
• What is fertility rate?

  average number of births per woman