TOOLS IN ANACHEM

• Types of Glasswares:

  • Volumetric flasks: used in quantitative chemical analysis to measure the volume of a liquid or gas
  • Burets: used for titration, with proper technique involving positioning the black field just below the meniscus and avoiding parallax error
  • Kjeldahl Flasks: used for acid digestions, tilted while heating to avoid losses from "bumping"
• Types of Plasticwares
• Pipettes and Different Classification of Pipettes
• Other Laboratory Equipments:

  • Triple Beam Balance: used to determine the mass of objects
  • Weighing bottles: used for drying samples, especially hygroscopic ones
  • Weighing dish: used for direct weighing of samples
  • Desiccator and desiccator plate: used to cool dried or ignited samples
• Equipments used in Measuring Mass:

  • Triple Beam Balance
  • Analytical Balance
• Reagents used in Analytical Chemistry:

  • Water: most frequently used reagent in the laboratory, with types like distilled water, deionized water, reverse osmosis water, and ultrafiltration water
  • Concentrated Acids: strong inorganic acids used in analytical determinations
• Handling of Reagents:

  1. Stock bottles or reagents should always be covered to avoid contamination

  2. To remove the stopper from a reagent bottle, hold it with the first portion between the index and second finger

  3. Liquids are transferred quantitatively into another container using a pipet or stirring rod

  4. Excess reagents should be flushed down with plenty of water and never returned to the reagent bottle

  5. Solids should be spooned out with a clean and dry spatula to avoid contamination

  6. Acid solutions are prepared by pouring acid into water; alkaline solutions are prepared by pouring the alkali into water