12 : Coordination & Response in Humans

Cards (42)

  • Motor neurone sends nerve impulses from the central nervous system to effectors.
  • Response is how the body reacts to a change in the environment.
  • Coordination is the regulation of all organ and system activities within the body.
  • System that is involved in the coordination of the human body is the nervous system and the endocrine system.
  • Components involved in coordination and response includes :
    • stimulus
    • receptors
    • integration centre
    • effectors
    • response
  • Chemoreceptor detect chemicals stimuli.
  • Mechanoreceptor detect pressure stimuli.
  • Photoreceptor detect light stimuli.
  • Thermoreceptor detect changes in temperature.
  • Nociceptor detect pain stimuli.
  • Importance of Response and Coordination :
    • adapt to changing environment
    • protect itself from danger
    • ensure survival
    • regulate internal environment through homeostasis
  • The cerebrum controls the voluntary action.
  • Cerebellum maintains body balance and coordination of muscle contraction for body movement.
  • Medulla oblongata controls involuntary actions and reflex actions.
  • Hypothalamus coordinates homeostasis.
  • Sensory neurone transmit nerve impulse from the receptors to the spinal cod via dorsal root.
  • Relay neurone transmit nerve impulses from the sensory neurone to the motor neurone.
  • Dorsal root contains axons for sensory neurone.
  • Dorsal root ganglion contains the cell body of sensory neurone.
  • The spinal nerve contains the sensory neurone and motor neurone.
  • Grey matter looks like the letter ”H”
  • White matter consists of axons covered with myelin sheath.
  • Ventral root contains the motor neurone
  • Somatic nervous system control voluntary action in the body. It also control the contraction of skeletal muscle and body movement.
  • Autonomic nervous system control involuntary actions. It control the contraction of smooth muscle and cardiac muscle.
  • Dendrite receive nerve impulse form another neurone.
  • Cell body integrate nerve impulse and control neurone activity (nucleus).
  • Axon carry impulses out from the cell body to the another neurone.
  • Myelin sheath does :
    • protect neurone from injuries
    • insulator for electrical impulse
    • provide nutrients to the axon
  • sensory neurone has short axons
  • motor neurone has long axons
  • The cell body of sensory neurone is located in the middle of the axon and at the dorsal root ganglion.
  • Synapse is a narrow gap that separates the synaptic knob from neurone dendrites.
  • Synaptic knob is a swelling at the end of the axon branch.
  • Impulse are transmitted chemically across synapses instead of electrically.
  • Involuntary actions involving the skeletal muscle are controlled by the cerebral cortex.
  • Reflex action is a fast response of stimulus without being controlled by brain.
  • Nerve pathway involved in a reflex action is called the reflex arc.
  • Alzheimer disease involve a progressive decline of memory and thinking skills due to the deaths of neurones.
  • ASL is a disease involving damage to motor neurones, inhibiting movement of muscles in the body.