Save
Biology F4
12 : Coordination & Response in Humans
Save
Share
Learn
Content
Leaderboard
Learn
Created by
nurul ayuni
Visit profile
Cards (42)
Motor neurone
sends
nerve impulses
from the
central nervous system
to effectors.
Response is how the
body
reacts to a
change
in the
environment.
Coordination is the
regulation
of all
organ
and
system
activities within the body.
System that is involved in the coordination of the human body is the
nervous system
and the
endocrine system.
Components involved in coordination and response includes :
stimulus
receptors
integration centre
effectors
response
Chemoreceptor
detect
chemicals
stimuli.
Mechanoreceptor
detect
pressure
stimuli.
Photoreceptor
detect
light
stimuli.
Thermoreceptor
detect changes in
temperature.
Nociceptor
detect
pain
stimuli.
Importance of Response and Coordination :
adapt to
changing
environment
protect itself from danger
ensure
survival
regulate
internal environment
through homeostasis
The
cerebrum
controls the
voluntary
action.
Cerebellum
maintains
body balance
and
coordination
of
muscle contraction
for
body movement.
Medulla oblongata
controls
involuntary
actions and
reflex
actions.
Hypothalamus
coordinates
homeostasis.
Sensory neurone
transmit nerve impulse from the
receptors
to the
spinal cod
via
dorsal root.
Relay neurone
transmit nerve impulses from the
sensory neurone
to the
motor neurone.
Dorsal root
contains
axons
for
sensory neurone.
Dorsal root ganglion
contains the
cell body
of
sensory neurone.
The
spinal nerve
contains the
sensory neurone
and
motor neurone.
Grey matter
looks like the letter
”H”
White matter
consists of axons covered with
myelin sheath.
Ventral root
contains the
motor neurone
Somatic nervous system
control
voluntary action
in the body. It also control the
contraction
of
skeletal muscle
and
body movement.
Autonomic nervous system
control
involuntary
actions. It control the
contraction
of
smooth
muscle and
cardiac
muscle.
Dendrite
receive
nerve impulse
form another
neurone.
Cell body
integrate
nerve impulse
and
control neurone activity
(
nucleus
).
Axon
carry impulses out from the
cell body
to the another
neurone.
Myelin sheath does :
protect neurone
from injuries
insulator
for
electrical impulse
provide nutrients
to the
axon
sensory neurone
has
short
axons
motor neurone
has
long axons
The cell body of
sensory neurone
is located in the
middle
of the
axon
and at the
dorsal root ganglion.
Synapse
is a narrow gap that separates the
synaptic knob
from
neurone dendrites.
Synaptic knob
is a
swelling
at the
end
of the
axon branch.
Impulse are transmitted chemically across
synapses
instead of
electrically.
Involuntary
actions involving the
skeletal muscle
are controlled by the
cerebral cortex.
Reflex action
is a fast response of stimulus without being controlled by
brain.
Nerve pathway involved in a
reflex
action is called the
reflex arc.
Alzheimer disease
involve a progressive decline of
memory
and
thinking skills
due to the deaths of
neurones.
ASL
is a disease involving damage to
motor neurones
,
inhibiting
movement of
muscles
in the body.
See all 42 cards