TP3

• Aquifer


  A natural underground rock structure which holds groundwater.
• Water stress


  where a country or area cannot meet its demand for fresh water.
• Landlocked


  Surrounded by land, with no coastline.
• Peninsula


  Land that juts out into the sea, and is almost surrounded by water.
• Exclave


  Part of a country that is cut off from the main part; you pass thorugh another country (or countries) to reach it.
• Non-Renewable resource


  A resource that is limited, and could run out one day
• Renewable Resource


  A resource we can make use of, that will not run out; for example, sunlight and wind.
• Biome


  A large area with the similar climate, plants and animals.
• Mount Ararat is the highest mountain in Turkey.
• Mount Damavand in Iran is the highest peak in Middle East and the 14th highest peak in the world.
• In desert biomes, vegetation is sparse. In some there is none. Plants have tough, spiky leaves to conserve mountain.
• In Semi-Arid areas, they have grass, and some low bushes, but few trees.
• In Mediterranean biomes, there is deciduous forests, and wild shrubs and flowers.
• What challenges does the Arabian Peninsula face?

  1. Water stress- The main source of fresh water is a huge aquifer underneath the peninsula. It is being depleted
  2. Food risk- Less than 2% of the land is naturally arable. Most have to be imported.
  3. A fall in demand for oil and gas- The world is turning from oil and gas because of climate change. But these countries depend on selling them.
• How to stop water stress?

  1. Recycle it! - In the UK and many other countries, waste water from home flows into sewage works. It is then cleaned up and piped into the water supply. In a few countries however, it is super cleaned and even used for drinking! For example, more than 90% of all of Israel's waste water is recycled for farming.
  2. Take it from the sea- Countries now use desalination plants, to take salty sea water into fresh drinking water. Which is then piped into the water supply. For example, the countries of the Arabian Peninsula use this.
• Hydroponics


  Growing plants in water that contains the nutrients they need.
• Physical water scarcity


  there isn't enough water to meet everyone's needs. Low rainfall, and a large population are big factors.
• Economic water scarcity


  Other areas have enough water but people cannot access it because of poverty. These countries cannot afford the infrastructure to access it (pumps, pipes etc.)