Unit 1 Intro to ICT

• ICT is the use of different technological inventions like mobile phones, telephones, computer, internet, and other devices.
• ICT is the software and applications to locate, save, send, and manipulate information. ICT has Data Manipulation which are the CRUD; create, read, update, and delete.
• ICT made our lives easier. Gadgets have become a necessity. Made communication easier.
• ICT assisted in internet-based jobs and revolutionized education and the modernization of our economy.
• ICT are the technologies that provide access to information through telecommunication. It includes a "Global Village" where people can communicate across the world through modern ICT.
• IT is anything related to computing technology. Networking, hardware, software, the internet, or the people that work with these tehcnologies.
• ICT is more on the theoretical or the concepts, while IT is more on application and preparation for the industry.
• Information Processing System

  • Data - Collection of independent and unorganized facts
  • Information - Processed and organized data presented in a meaningful form
  • Data Processing - Course of doing things in a sequence of steps
  • Computer - Electronic machine that follows a set of instructions in order that it may be able to accept and gather data and transform these into information
• Functions of Information Processing System

  • Input - Accepts and gathers data
  • Processing - Processes data to become information
  • Store - Stores data and information
  • Output - Present information
• In functions of information systems the language of format used are

  Input & Output: Human Readable Format

  Process: Binary Language
• Major Components of Information Processing System

  • Hardware - Tangible part of a computer system
  • Software - Intangible part that tells the computer how to do its job
  • User – People who use and operate the computer system, write computer programs, and analyze and design the information system
• Datapath is the collection of functional units. It manipulates data coming through processes. It provides small amount of temporary data storage.
• Programmable Registers:

  • Small units of data storage directly visible to assembly language programmers
  • Used like simple variables in a high-level program
• Program Counter (PC):

  • Holds the address for fetching instructions
• Multiplexers:

  • Control inputs coming from control
  • Used for routing data through the datapath
• Processing Elements:

  • Compute new data values from old data values
  • In simple processors, major processing elements are grouped into an Arithmetic-Logic Unit (ALU)
• Special-Purpose Registers:

  • Hold data needed for processor operation but not directly visible to assembly language programmers
• Control generates control signals that direct the operation of memory to the datapath.

  • Tell memory to send or receive data
  • Tell the ALY what operation to perform
  • Route data between different parts of the datapath
  • Generates control signals that direct the operation of memory and the datapath
• The ALY operations that controls a computer are

  • Arithmetic (+, -, x, /, %)
  • Comparison (>, <, =, ≥, ≤, ≠, ==)
  • Logical (&&, ||)
• Memory is just like a human brain. Used to store data and instruction. Storage space of the computer. Data is processed and instructions required for processing to be stored.
• Types of Memory

  • Volatile Memory
  • Memory that loses its contents when the computer or hardware device loses power
  • Non-Volatile Memory (NVRAM)
  • Memory that keeps its contents even if the power is lost
• Input Devices

  • External devices that provide input to the processor
  • Under the control of operating system software
  • Allows data and programs to be sent to the PCU
  • Keyboard, mouse, microphone, controller, etc.
• Output Devices

  • External devices that receive data from the processor
  • Media used by the computer in displaying its responses to our requests and instructions
  • Monitor, speaker, printer, etc.
• Why Computers are Powerful

  • Can perform information processing cycle operations with amazing speed, reliability, and accuracy
  • Can store huge amounts of data and information
  • Can communicate with other computers
  • Can do AI, information dissemination, and solve cybercrimes
• Digital Age / Information Age / Computer Age

  • Information is a commodity
  • Quickly and widely disseminated
  • Easily available especially through the use of computer technology
• Information Age

  • Began in the mid-20th century
  • Rapid epochal shift from the traditional industry by the Industrial Revolution to an economy primarily based upon information technology
  • Fast growth in ICT
• Information Age Timeline: Mainframe Computing (1946-1970)

  • ENIAC Era
  • 1st programmable general-purpose electronic digital computer
  • Built during the WWII by the US in 1946
• Information Age Timeline: Home Computing (1980-1990)

  • Home computers were a class of microcomputers that entered the market in 1977 and became a common during the 1980s
  • Marketed as affordable and accessible computers that were intended for the use of a single nontechnical user
• Information Age Timeline: Internet Era (1990s)

  • Electronic communications network that connects computer networks and organizational computer facilities around the world
• Information Age Timeline: Wireless Computing (200s)

  • Tranferring the data or information between computers or devices that are not physically connected to each other and having a wireless network connection
• Information Age Timeline: Data Science (Present)

  • Field of study that combines domain expertise, programming skills, and knowledge of mathematics and statistics to extract meaningful insights from data