Proteins

• Name the small, water soluble molecules made when proteins are broken down completely

  Amino acids
• Essential amino acids are needed by but not made in the body
• When an enzyme is denatured it stops functioning
• What bonds are broken during hydrolysis

  C-N
• Two reasons why we need protein in our diet

  Main functions for maintenance and regulation of life processes and as structural materials
• What four elements are present in proteins

  Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen
• What is meant by essential amino acids?

  Amino acids that must be obtained from the diet in order for the body to function
• When amino acids join together to form a protein molecule, what other chemical is produced

  Water
• What must contain nitrogen

  Enzyme
• Proteins can be denatured under acid conditions, during this denaturing the protein molecule

  changes shape
• Why does the reaction rate above the optimum temperature

  it becomes denatured
• Which family of compound do enzymes belong?

  proteins
• amino acids are converted into proteins by

  condensation
• Name the type of reaction that takes place during the breakdown of proteins

  Hydrolysis
• What do we call alcohols containing three hydroxyl group

  Tertiary alcohols
• Name the functional group in alcohols

  Hydroxyl
• What type of bonding is present between alcohol molecules and how does this impact boiling point, viscosity and solubility?

  Hydrogen bonding, increases
• What type of molecule can be recognised by its -ol ending

  Alcohol
• What is the name of the functional group in alcohols

  Hydroxyl group
• What type of alcohol is methanol

  Primary alcohol
• What type of alcohol is butan-1-ol

  Secondary alcohol
• What type of alcohol is 2-methylpropan-2-ol

  tertiary alcohol
• name the functional group in carboxylic acids

  Carboxyl group
• Name this functional group and the homologous series it belongs to

  Ester links, Esters

  
• Give two uses of esters

  Solvents and flavourings
• Name the process used to make an ester

  Esterification / Condensation
• Name the catalyst used in esterification

  Sulfuric acid
• What process can be used to break up an ester

  Hydrolysis