GROUP 6

• What is petrology a branch of?

  Geology
• What does petrology study?

  Composition, structure, and origin of rocks
• What is the role of a petrologist?

  To extract and interpret information from rocks
• What are the three main branches of petrology?

  Igneous, sedimentary, metamorphic
• What does igneous petrology focus on?

  Study of igneous rocks from molten magma
• What is granite?

  A coarse-grained intrusive rock
• What is basalt?

  A fine-grained extrusive rock
• What does sedimentary petrology study?

  Formation of sedimentary rocks from sediment
• How are sedimentary rocks classified?

  By composition: clastic, chemical, organic
• What is sandstone primarily composed of?

  Sand-sized mineral particles
• What is limestone primarily made of?

  Calcium carbonate
• What does metamorphic petrology study?

  Rocks changed by heat, pressure, and fluids
• What is schist characterized by?

  Pronounced foliation and visible mineral grains
• What is marble formed from?

  Recrystallization of limestone
• What are the three physical classifications of rocks?

  Stratified, unstratified, foliated
• How do stratified rocks form?

  From deposition and stacking of sediments
• What characterizes unstratified rocks?

  Crystalline or dense granular texture
• What defines foliated rocks?

  Layered or banded structure from pressure
• What are the three chemical classifications of rocks?

  Argillaceous, siliceous, calcareous
• What are argillaceous rocks primarily composed of?

  Clay minerals, alumina, and silica
• What characterizes siliceous rocks?

  High silica content, hard and durable
• What do calcareous rocks contain?

  Significant calcium carbonate content
• What is the rock cycle?

  A continuous process of rock transformation
• What are the three main types of rocks?

  Igneous, metamorphic, sedimentary
• What is the first step in the rock cycle?

  Cooling of molten rock
• What happens during weathering and erosion?

  Rocks are broken down by wind and water
• What occurs during compaction and cementation?

  Layers of sediment turn into sedimentary rock
• What is metamorphism?

  Change of rocks due to heat and pressure
• What happens to metamorphic rocks underground?

  They can melt to become magma
• How does petrology relate to civil engineering?

  It helps ensure safe and durable construction
• Why is petrology important for foundation stability?

  It assesses rock types for bearing capacity
• How does petrology help in selecting construction materials?

  By choosing durable and strong rocks
• What role does petrology play in preventing seepage in dams?

  It evaluates rock impermeability to control water
• How does petrology help identify geological hazards?

  By assessing risks of landslides and earthquakes
• What is the conclusion about the importance of petrology?

  It is essential for understanding Earth's processes
• How does petrology contribute to environmental management?

  By providing insights into resource discovery
• What are the key applications of petrology in civil engineering?

  • Ensure foundation stability
  • Select construction materials
  • Plan safe excavations
  • Prevent seepage in dams
  • Identify geological hazards
  • Design durable pavements
• What processes are involved in the rock cycle?

  1. Cooling
  2. Weathering and erosion
  3. Compaction and cementation
  4. Metamorphism
  5. Melting
• What are the characteristics of the three main types of rocks?

  • Igneous: Formed from solidified magma
  • Sedimentary: Formed from accumulated sediments
  • Metamorphic: Formed from heat and pressure changes
• What is the significance of studying the rock cycle?

  • Illustrates Earth's material recycling
  • Shows how Earth's surface changes
  • Helps understand geological processes