● Xylem is made of dead cells and phloem is made of living cells
● Phloem cells have pores in their end walls, xylem cells do not
● Xylem is hollow / does not contain cytoplasm, phloem does
● Xylem contains lignin, phloem does not
● Both tubular and made of cells
● Xylem transports water / mineral ions, phloem transports sugars
● Xylem is involved in transpiration, phloem is involved in translocation
● Xylem transports unidirectionally, phloem transports bidirectionally
● Both transport liquids / substances throughout the stem / leaves / roots