week 13 - digestive system

• What does the digestive system consist of?

  Digestive tract and associated glands
• What is another name for the digestive system?

  Gastrointestinal tract or alimentary canal
• What is the primary function of the digestive system?

  To obtain necessary molecules from food
• What are the main functions of the digestive system?

  • Ingestion of food and liquid
  • Mastication (chewing)
  • Motility (muscular movements)
  • Secretion of fluids and enzymes
  • Hormone release for control
  • Chemical digestion of macromolecules
  • Absorption of small molecules and water
  • Elimination of indigestible components
• What is the mucosa/mucus membrane composed of?

  Epithelial lining and lamina propria
• What is one function of the mucosa?

  Provides selective permeability
• What does the submucosa contain?

  Dense connective tissue and blood vessels
• What is the function of the muscularis layer?

  Promotes movement of the digestive tract
• What is the serosa composed of?

  Loose connective tissue and mesothelium
• What are the divisions of the digestive system?

  1. Digestive tract

  • Oral cavity
  • Esophagus
  • Stomach
  • Small intestine
  • Large intestine
  • Rectum
  • Anus

  1. Associated glands

  • Salivary glands
  • Liver
  • Pancreas
  • Gall bladder
• What type of epithelium lines the oral cavity?

  Stratified squamous epithelium
• What forms the mouth?

  Cheeks, palates, and tongue
• What is the hard palate covered by?

  Mucous membrane resting on bony tissue
• What is the palatine uvula?

  Small conical process from the soft palate
• What is the function of the lips?

  Facilitates ingestion and communication
• What are the three different surfaces of the lips?

  • Internal mucous surface
  • Red vermilion zone
  • Outer surface with thin skin
• What is the tongue primarily composed of?

  Striated muscle covered by mucosa
• What are the types of papillae on the tongue?

  Filiform, fungiform, foliate, vallate
• What is the function of filiform papillae?

  Does not contain taste buds
• Where are vallate papillae located?

  At the posterior part of the tongue
• What does the pharynx connect?

  Oral cavity to respiratory and digestive systems
• What type of epithelium lines the pharynx?

  Stratified squamous epithelium
• How many permanent teeth do adults have?

  32 permanent teeth
• What are the parts of a tooth?

  Crown, cervix, root, dentin, apical foramen
• What is the function of the esophagus?

  Transports food from mouth to stomach
• What type of epithelial cells cover the esophagus?

  Non-keratinized stratified squamous cells
• What is the main function of the stomach?

  Digests food and secretes hormones
• What are the three parts of the stomach?

  1. Cardia
  2. Fundus/Body
  3. Pylorus
• What does the fundus of the stomach contain?

  Tubular gastric (fundic) glands
• What do pyloric glands secrete?

  Mucus, gastrin, and somatostatin
• What is the primary function of the small intestine?

  Terminal food digestion and absorption
• What are the segments of the small intestine?

  1. Duodenum
  2. Jejunum
  3. Ileum
• What are plicae circulares?

  Folds in the mucous membrane of the small intestine
• What type of tissue does adventitia consist of?

  Loose connective tissue
• What are the main functions of the stomach?

  Digests food and secretes hormones
• What is the main function of the stomach related to carbohydrates?

  Continue digestion of CHO from the mouth
• What are the three parts of the stomach?

  1. Cardia
  2. Fundus/Body
  3. Pylorus
• What does the cardia of the stomach contain?

  Simple tubular cardiac glands
• What substances does the cardia secrete?

  Mucus, lysozymes, and a little HCl
• What types of cells are found in the fundus of the stomach?

  Undifferentiated, mucous neck, parietal, chief, enteroendocrine cells