psychology

Created by

Josie Hillman

Cards (30)

what is a dependent variable
A dependant variable is what the researcher measures
What is an independent variable? 
The variable that is manipulated or changed in an experiment.
What are the 5 types of crimes?
Drug related
Anti-social
Acquisitive
Violent
Sexual
What is meant by crime as a social construct?
Perceptions of behavior deemed unacceptable by society. E.g gay marriage
What is a co-variable?
Variables that change with each other
What is a null hypothesis?
A null hypotheses predicts that there will be no relationship or difference
What is the Social Learning Theory?
Social learning theory is the philosophy that people can learn from each other through observation, imitation and modeling
Who invented the Social Learning Theory?
Albert Bandura
What was Eysenck’s theory? 
His theory states that criminal behaviour is more a product of nature than nurture, and that some people are born with a personality that makes them more prone to committing crimes
What were the issues with Eysenck‘s theory? 
People commit crimes for all different reasons.
Peoples upbringing can determine a lot.
It diverts the responsibility of crimes - criminals can say they can’t help it.
What are the three main traits of Eysenck’s theory?
Extroversion
Neuroticism
Psychoticism
What does the extraversion trait look like?
Being out-going and confident
What does the Neuroticism trait look like?
Being anxious and easily stressed
What does the psychoticism trait look like?
Aggression, impulsivity, and lack of empathy. Being aggressive and not considerate of others
According to Eysenck’s theory, why do those who are higher in E and N become criminals?
Criminals are often extraverts as people with this trait need a lot of stimulation from the enviro and are often thrill seekers. This excitement can be found through involvement in criminal activity.
What are the three types of experiments?
Lab Experiment
Field Experiment
Natural Experiment
What is a field experiment?
A field experiment is a research method where the study is conducted in a natural environment of the participants. The experimenter still manipulates the IV, but in a real-life setting.
What does extraneous variables mean? 
All variables which are not independent but could affect the results of the experiment.
What is a natural experiment?
A natural experiment is a naturally occurring IV which is then investigated but isnt deliberately manipulated. Participants are not randomly allocated.
What is a structured interviewer?
Structured interviews are formal, the interview situation is standorized. Interviewer with predetermined questions.
What is opportunity sampling?
Opportunity sampling uses people who are available at the time, the study was carried out and willing to take part
What is random sampling?
When every person in the target population has an equal chance of being selected
What is volunteer sampling?
Participants volunteer themselves through newspapers, adverts, notice boards or online.
What is a lab experiment?
A lab experiment is conducted in a well controlled environment, not necessarily or laboratory therefore accurate and objective measurements are possible.
What are the three types of correlation?
Positive
Negative
No-correlation
Whats a closed question?
Closed questions can be answered with a simple yes or no answer
What is an unstructured interview?
They are informal - like casual conversatio, there are no set questions
What is an open question?
They are designed to encourage a full meaningful answer (in detail)
What are three types of sampling?
Volunteer
Opportunity
Random
In Eysenck’s theory how does he consider both nature and nurture?
Eysenck briefly covers nurture by accepting parents and role models/ their upbringing can divert/attract a child away from crime. Nature controls biology which influences personality, suggesting we are born with our personality, Eysenck‘s theory is biologically deterministic!!!