SCIENCE: THE PHASES OF MATTER

• Water is one of the basic needs of living things. About 75 percent of our planet is covered by water.
• Molecules are in constant motion because each of them has its own kinetic energy
• Solid has definite shape and volume
• Solid's molecules are tightly packed
• Solid's particles vibrate about a fixed position
• Liquid's shape changes depending on the container
• Liquid has a definite volume
• Liquid's molecules are slightly loose
• Liquid's particles move around one another
• Gas has no definite shape and volume
• Gas' molecules can freely move
• Gas' particles move quickly in all directions
• Plasma has no definite shape and volume similarly to gas
• Plasma's molecules can freely move and its particles move quickly in all directions with electric charge
• A solid is a phase of matter that has a definite volume and a distinct shape given a certain temperature
• A liquid is a phase of matter that has a definite volume, but it takes the shape of its container due to gravity.
• When gas particles gain energy through heating at very high temperature or when they absorb electrical energy, another phase of matter is formed known as plasma.
• Plasma happens through ionization
• As the high temperature that forms plasma falls, the electrons will then begin to return to the atom, forming back as a gas. This is called deionization.
• The Bose-Einstein condensate is considered to be the exact opposite of plasma. It exists at extremely low temperatures or near absolute zero temperature.
• Phase change is a type of reversible physical change that makes the phase of matter change due to the absorption or the release of heat.
• Melting : solid to liquid
• Freezing or solidification : liquid to solid
• Condensation : gas to liquid
• Vaporization : liquid to gas
• Sublimation : solid to gas
• Deposition : gas to solid
• Freeze-drying is a process in which food is frozen and placed in a very sealed and vacuum-packed container.
• Mothballs are made of naphthalene, a substance that undergoes sublimation at room temperature.
• The phase diagram is a graphical representation that shows the different changes in the phase of a substance and the conditions of temperature and pressure in wherein each phase would remain as solid, liquid, or gas.
• A typical phase diagram has pressure on the y-axis and temperature on the x-axis.