Lesson 1

• Physical education aims to help individuals develop their potential to achieve total fitness for a better quality of life
• Major goal of physical education is fitness
• Components of Fitness:

  • Health Related Fitness Components: Cardiovascular Fitness, Muscular Strength, Muscular Endurance, Flexibility, Body Composition
  • Skill Related Fitness Components: Coordination, Speed, Balance, Reaction Time, Agility, Power
• Health Related Fitness Components:

  • Cardiovascular Fitness: Ability to sustain sub maximal levels of exercise through efficient heart and lung actions
  • Muscular Strength: Ability of muscles to exert maximal force
  • Muscular Endurance: Ability of muscles to make continuous contractions over time
  • Flexibility: Range of movement at joints
  • Body Composition: Amount of muscle, fat, bone, cartilage, etc. in the body
• Skill Related Fitness Components:

  • Coordination: Ability to use body parts and senses together for smooth movements
  • Speed: Ability to move body parts quickly
  • Balance: Ability to maintain equilibrium while moving or stationary
  • Reaction Time: Speed of brain response to a stimulus
  • Agility: Ability to change direction and speed efficiently
  • Power: Product of strength and speed for forceful movements
• Factors that Affect Health and Skill Related Fitness:

  • Age: Fitness declines with age but can be offset by regular physical activity
  • Gender: Males tend to have larger muscle mass and aerobic ability, while females often have better flexibility and higher body fat percentage
  • Physique/Body Type: Ectomorphs, Mesomorphs, Endomorphs have different body types suited for different physical tasks
• Diet: Body needs sufficient substances for energy, growth, and repair during exercise. Poor diet can lead to fatigue, increased adipose tissue, and slow progress in training
• Physical disabilities: Exercise adaptations can help correct/enhance body functioning for individuals with physical impairments
• Illness and fatigue: Illness affects training directly, while fatigue hampers progress. Rest is essential in an exercise program
• Drugs: Social and medical drugs can impact the body in various ways. Exercise clearance may be needed for clients on medical drugs
• 3 Body type:

  • Ectomorphs have a slim build, low body fat percentage and are suited to endurance events
  • Mesomorphs have an athletic build and are suited to sprint events and swimming
  • Endomorphs have a rounded shape and are suited to strength/power events such as wrestling and throwing events