Music 8: Third Quarter

• Hava Nagila - a folk song of Israel meaning Let Us Rejoice
• The music of Israel is a mixture of Jewish and Non-Jewish tradition.
• In Israel their folk songs are also called "Song of the Land Of Israel".
• Israel has 5 elements: Homophonic, Modal, Limited in range, harmonic accompainment, and 12-tone scale.
• israeli's folk music - song specifically perforemed in social or public events.
• Canonical songs - song that deals with Jewish youth who build homes and defend their homeland.
• Secular Jewish Music - non-liturgical Jews Music
• Sephardic Music - songs that refer to the descendant of spanich and Portugeses Jews.
• Kinnor - national instrument of Israel, it is an Israelite lyre which is also known as David's Harp. Has 3 to 12 gut strings. A chordophone.

  
• Shofar - is an ancient Hebrew instrument made from the horn of a ram used in religious ceremonies by the Jews. Makes a shrilling sound. An Aerophone.

  
• Timbrel - a hoop of wood or metaal over which a parchment is streched at its head. Shaken or beaten by the percussionist. A membranophone.

  
• Cymbals - made of brass that consists o thin, round plates of various alloys. A idiophone (ata)

  
• Sistrum - U-shaped metal frame made from brass or bronze. A Idiophone.

  
• India - they believe that music was a gift from heaven. They believed that sound is God and everything is a manifestation of God. They believed that music was created by Indian Gods.
• Indian Gods: Shiva (Destroyer), Brahma (Creator), and Vishnu (Preserver).
• Vedas - sung without accompaniment
• Rig Veda - sacred hymn in India
• Guru - an important aspect that forms the heart of their musical tradition
• Vinaya - teaches students to be humble towards elders.
• Sadhana - which means practice and discipline, involves faithfulness in the craft.
• Tala - An element of Indian Music about rhythmic pattern. It is composed of long and short beats.
• In Tala: X means the percussionist taps the drums on beat, while O suggest silence.
• Dadra - X is tap while O is wave hand for silence
• Tintal - X tap the drum, while O is clap hands for unmarked beats.
• Indian Vocal Music: Carnatic Music (refers to music from South India which is devotional music. It is directed to a Hindu god, called "temple music") and Hindustani Music (Northern and central regions of India. It is secular music and nasal singing is observed in their vocal music)
• Krti - compositions of devotional song in India.
• Khyal (Imagination) - most common style of singing in India.
• Ghatam - a percussion instrument made of clay that is played by striking the pot with the bare hands produces a ringing sound and a low resonation sound from its cavity

  
• Tabla - is made of wood and has a head made of streched animal string, played by tapping fingers on the surface of the drum. A membranophone

  
• Ghan - non membranous percussion in India
• Avanadoh - membranous percussion in India.
• Sushir - blown or wind instrument in India
• Venu - flute found in the southern part of India

  
• Bansuri - flute found in the northern part of India
• Sitar - the most popular stringed instrument in India, has a long neck with 20 metal frets and six to seven main strings

  
• Tat - plucked stringed instrument in India
• Vitat - bowed stringed Instrument in India
• Sarangi - shaped like a squashed guitar made from a block of hollowed out wood that is covered with parchment, has no frets and played with a bow

  
• Saringda - bowed fiddle similar to the Sarangi, has either a round or pointed head played with a bow from horse hair.

  
• Pakistan's capital: Islamabad