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• Pakistan is water-deficit country. The rainfall is neither sufficient nor regular and does not meet the growing needs of water. Agriculture is a major user and good yields depend on the adequate availability of water at the right time. The increasing pressures of population and industrialisation have already placed great demands on water supplies and there are an ever increasing number of local and regional conflicts over water availability and use.
• Q1) Why do the writers refer to Pakistan as a ‘water-deficit country’?

  Ans. Insufficient rainfall. Growing needs.
• Q2) Using examples, explain why there ae conflicts over water availability and use.

  Ans. Examples.

  Farming vs Industry. Domestic vs food processing vs HEP vs others. India vs Pakistan 1947 – 1960. NWFP and Punjab vs Sindh.

  Explanation.

  Irrigation for more agriculture. Industrialisation – water for washing, cooling, processing. Population growth – need for more. Electricity for modern technology.