CPAR

• Plato (427-347 BC) is merely an imitation or a copy of reality. He defined art as an illusion, or a collection of reflections. He stated that true forms were created by God and they are all perfect and therefore cannot be replicated. This argument shows how art is considered by Plato as mere imitations of what is real in our
• Life without art is dull and without meaning.
• Art basically stimulates our senses and cognitive abilities as it allows the expression of emotions and the subjective self. Art is means of communicating or conveying insights and emotions.
• Art according to Leo Tolstoy is the production of objects or elements from the external environment that pleases the senses. Art unifies men as they produce the same feelings and sentiments. The same may lead to a better and more progressive life and society.
• Eugene Veron stated that art is an external manifestation created and produced through lines, movements, sounds, colors, and emotions. This defines the subjectivity of art as an external manifestation of human feelings and thoughts. Art in this definition reflects human subjectivity in the form of elements that stimulates the senses.
• Leonardo Da Vinci (1452-1519), art is "the Queen of all sciences communicating knowledge to all the generations of the world." Such line reiterates how art reveals an individual's imagination. It is a universal language that communicates feelings and ideas produced by human experiences.
• Expression of the imagination

  -Art provides a means to express the imagination (things, places, ideas that are unreal or unknowable) in nongrammatical ways.
• Ritualistic and symbolic functions

  -In many cultures, art is used in religion, spiritual or magical rituals, performances and dances as a decoration or symbol of a god or other divine quality. While these often have no specific utilitarian purpose, anthropologists know that they often serve a purpose at the level of meaning within a particular culture.
• Communication

  Art, at its simplest, is a form of communication. Most forms of communication have an intent or goal directed toward other people
• Entertainment

  -Art may seek to bring about a particular emotion or mood, for the purpose of relaxing or entertaining the viewer. This is often the function of the art industries such as Motion Pictures and Video Games.
• Political change

  -One of the defining functions of early twentieth-century art has been to-use visual images to bring about political change.
• Social causes

  -Art can be used to raise awareness for a large variety of causes. A number of art activities are aimed at raising awareness of AIDS, autism, cancer, human trafficking, and a variety of other topics.
• Psychological and healing purposes

  -Art is also used by art therapists, psychotherapists and clinical psychologists as art therapy. The Diagnostic Drawing Series, for example, is used to determine the personality and emotional functioning of a patient.
• Propaganda or commercialism

  -Art is often utilized as a form of propaganda, and thus can be used to subtly influence popular conceptions or mood (especially regarding political issues). In a similar way, art that tries to sell a product also influences mood and emotion. In both cases, the purpose of art here is to subtly manipulate the viewer into a particular emotional or psychological response toward a particular idea or object.
• Geographical Factors - places where artists stay influence their work
• Historical Factors - historical events exert a great influence on the artist.
• Social Factors - events happening in the society
• Ideation Factors - ideas coming from various people that influence artists
• Psychological Factors - works produced by an artist are affected by their psychological makeup or framework
• Technical Factors - using different strokes, brushes, and techniques
• Balance - is the concept of visual equilibrium, and relates to our physical sense of balance. Most successful compositions achieve balance in one of two ways: symmetrically or asymmetrically.
• Symmetrical balance

  -can be described as having equal "weight" on equal sides of a centrally placed fulcrum. It may also be referred to as formal balance. This axis may be horizontal or vertical.
• Asymmetrical balance

  -also called informal balance, is more complex and difficult to envisage. It involves placement of objects in a way that will allow objects of varying visual weight to balance one another around a fulcrum point.
• Proportion

  -refers to the relative size and scale of the various elements in a design.

  The issue is the relationship between objects, or parts, of a whole. This means that it is necessary to discuss proportion in terms of the context or standard used to determine proportions.
• Rhythm

  -can be described as timed movement through space; an easy, connected path along which the eye follows a regular arrangement of motifs. The presence of rhythm creates predictability and order in a composition.
• Regular rhythm - occurs when intervals between the elements, and the elements themselves, are similar in size or length.
• flowing rhythm - signifies directional movement.
• Progressive rhythm - shows a developing sequence of forms.
• alternating rhythm - displays alternation of elements and may be applied to all kinds of rhythm.
• Emphasis

  -is also referred to as point of focus, or interruption. It marks the locations in a composition which most strongly draw the viewers attention.
• Unity

  -is the underlying principle that summarizes all of the principles and elements of design. It refers to the coherence of the whole, the sense that all of the parts are working together to achieve a common result; a harmony of all the parts.
• Variety

  -refers to the diversity of a work of art.
• Ethnic Tradition

  -Art forms primarily influenced by the geographical location and the experiences of the Filipinos.

  -Arts reflected beliefs and practices every day activity such as fishing and farming, and specific decorative art pattern to the community.
• Angono Petroglyphs

  -Binangonan, Rizal. It was discovered by the National Artist, Carlos "Botong" Francisco, in 1965. There are 127 human and animal figures engraved on the rock wall and dated back to circa late Neolithic.
• Manunggul Jar

  -Manunggul Cave, Lipuun Point, Palawan in the early 1960s. Manunggul jar is a burial jar which signifies the belief of early Filipino in life after death.
• Banga

  -means pots. The Banga or pot dance is a performance of Kalinga of the Mountain Province of the Philippines. This dance shows the elegant grace of Igorot tribe and the skill and strength of women.
• Spanish Colonial Tradition

  -Art forms were primarily influenced by religion and secularization. In this time, Spaniards used arts to propagate the Catholic faith
• Langit, Lupa, at Impyerno

  -by Josef Luciano Dans -This painting was dated 1850 and depicts the heaven, crucifixion of Christ; earth, Adan and Eve and hell, sinners with different transgressions.

  -found in St. James the Apostle Church in Paete, Laguna.
• St. Paul Metropolitan Cathedral

  -located in Burgos, Vigan City, Ilocos Sur. The original structure was built in 1574 and replaced as a church in 1641. The cathedral follows a Baroque architectural design.
• American Colonial Tradition -refers to the practice of art from 1860s to 1960s. The main theme of art works in this time is national identity.