Hazard case studies

• what is the HIC volcano case study?

  Mount Etna
• Where is Mount Etna?- HIC or NEE?

  Sicily HIC
• what is the most active and tallest volcano in Europe?

  Mount Etna
• what type of volcano is Mount Etna?

  composite- typical cone shape
• Does Mount Etna have parasitic cones?

  yes
• where do 25% of the population live in Sicily?-why?

  on the slopes for the fertile land
• Describe Etna's eruptions

  Mostly effusive (low viscosity lava) and occasionally mild strombolian
• What is the name of the airport in Sicily which closes regularly due to eruptions?

  Catania airport
• How are the towns properly protected from Mount Etna?

  earth dam built to temporarily hold lava flow

  rock and concrete blocks were dropped to plug lava channel

  explosives used to divert the lava flow into a new human-made channel
• Is Etna a decade volcano?

  yes
• describe decade volcanoes

  16 globally

  24/7 remote monitoring
• How are Etna's eruptions predicted?

  thermal imaging- detecting lava tubes/hidden flows

  monitoring CO2 and SO2 gases

  seismometers- monitor depth of magma
• Can Etna have global impacts?

  yes- 2018 closed airspace over Sicily
• Does Etna cause may deaths?

  no- well monitored
• What is the LIC volcano case study?

  Montserrat
• When was Montserrat effected by eruption?

  1995-1998
• what type of margin is Montserrat on?

  destructive- 2 oceanic plate
• what has been formed on the same boundary as Monserrat?

  Puerto Rico Trench
• What is the Volcanic Explosivity Index of Montserrat?

  3
• How many people were killed in Montserrat?

  19 people
• what was the first response to Montserrat 1995?

  hazard maps
• Why did Montserrat need help?

  LIC so lack of education and knowledge
• What was established in Monserrat after eruption?

  Montserrat Volcanic Observatory- to coordinate monitoring and research
• What did the 3 year redevelopment programme in Monserrat build?

  houses, schools, medical services, infrastructure and agriculture
• What were the people of Monserrat granted in 1998?

  full residency rights in UK- allowing them to migrate if they chose to
• How did the 2015 population of Montserrat compare to that of 1995?

  half
• what has the vegetation done in Montserrat since the euruption?

  slowly re-growing
• Is tourism increasing or decreasing in Montserrat since the euruption?

  recovering
• has unemployment increased or decreased in Montserrat since 1998?

  increased
• What is the capital city in Montserrat?

  Plymouth
• Who set up temporary schools and provided medical support and food in Montserrat?

  NGOs such as Red Cross
• How do the people of Monserrat now get warned if the volcano may erupt?

  sirens, speakers, and via the media
• Who aided the evacuation process in Monserrat?

  Troops from the USA and British Navy
• What is the multi hazardous case study?

  Haiti
• What percentage of Haiti is below the poverty line?

  54%
• What hazards does Haiti have?

  • earthquakes
  • hurricanes
  • flooding
  • landslides
  • droughts
• When did Haiti have an earthquake?

  12th January 2010
• What was close to Haiti's earthquake epicentre?

  Port-au-Prince
• What was the magnitude of the 2010 Haiti earthquake?


  7
• How far was Port-au-Prince from the 2010 earthquake epicentre?

  24km