RESEARCH

• a short section where you clarify what your study covers based on your research topic, the possible limitations of your study, and how your study is constrained by the factors that you encountered in the research process.

  Scope and Limitation Section
• Recall your problem statement and research questions.

  Scope
• What do you recall in scope?

  problem statement and research questions
• where you clearly set what your study covers, its time period, location, subjects, content, and its specific objectives without any pretense that your study covers anything beyond what is indicated.

  Scope
• Scope answers the phrase...


  The coverage of this study or This study addresses
• Perceived flaw of the study

  Limitations
• Limitations could be due to

  methodological challenges and lack of literature (novel)
• While writing the limitations of your study, be aware of the following factors:

  Research design, ontological position, resources
•  by far, this is the most common limitation of many quantitative data. These can range from the limitations of your key terms, definitions, sample group, your methodology, and your research design.

  Research Design
• double-check to ensure that you are not making any assumptions beyond what the data supports.

  Ontological Position
•  lack of money, time, or resources may significantly hinder how generalizable your study is beyond what is covered by your scope.

  Resources
• a set of concepts which explains the occurrence of a certain phenomenon.

  Theory
• statement of relationship between two variables, one acting as the Independent variables, another as the dependent variable.

  Theory
• presents a theory that explains why a problem under study exists (Mercado, 1994), and explains the connection between certain factors and the problem.

  theoretical framework
• A starting point in developing a theory is to


  review related literature
• Functions of theoretical framework

  provides general framework which can guide data analysis, influence between variables, identifies variables to be measured, stipulates viewpoint that researchers will take in interpreting data
• how to create a theoretical framework

  identify your key concepts, evaluate and explain relevant theories, show how your research fits in
• theoretical framework can sometimes be integrated to what chapter

  literature review
• elaboration of the theoretical framework in concrete terms

  conceptual framework
• specifies the variables of the study and the expected flow of relationship among them

  conceptual framework
• Arguments on how and why a particular factor can possibly influence another are presented. Findings of related studies may be used to support the argument

  conceptual framework
• conceptual framework is summarized in

  paradigm or conceptual framework
• how to make conceptual framework

  establish the variables connection, problem statement reference, state knowledge gap, schematic diagram
• Refers to academic or universal meanings and ideas given by experts. They are usually abstract and like those found in the dictionary.

  Conceptual Definition
• Refers to the functional and tangible ideas about the concept and are given by researchers. 

  Operational
• They refer to how variables or concepts are contextualized, measured, or quantified in the study.

  Operational Definition
• An introductory context for understanding the results by restating the _______ that underlines the purpose of your study

  research problem
• Result: A summary of your key findings arranged in a logical sequence that generally follolws  your

  methodology section
• what tense is used in result?

  past tense
• structure of discussion

  reiterate research problem/state major findings, explain findings and why they are important, relate to similar studies, consider alternative explanation, acknowledge limitation, make suggestion
• Results and Discussion is a ____ level heading that is typed ___ spaces below the last line of the introductory paragraph. The presentation of the results starts ___ spaces below this subheading.

  second, four, two
• present’s the generalizaiton based ont he results of the study and the implication and the researcher’s generalized statements drawn from the findings of the study.

  Conclusion
• Conclusions should be orgnazined based on the identified problems in Chapter ___

  1
• steps in writing conclusion

  restate your research topic, restate the thesis, summarize main points, state significance, conclude your thoughts
• • used to call for action or solutions to the problems you have investigated In your research paper

  Recommendation
• where does implication belong?


  discussion
• where does recommendation belong?

  conclusion
• Serves as the foundation of theory for your research. It encompasses a set of concepts, definitions, and propositions that collectively provide a structured and comprehensive view of a specific phenomenon.

  Theoretical Framework
• Provides a visual representation of the relationships between concepts, constructs, and variables based on your understanding of existing literature and the specific context of your research.

  Conceptual Framework
• The choice of a theory depends on the ____ and ___of variables and the relationships being examined.

  number, nature