Heart anatomy

• The right atrium is the upper chamber on the right side, while the left ventricle is the lower chamber on the left side.
• Blood flows from the vena cava into the right atrium through the tricuspid valve to the right ventricle.
• The heart has four chambers - two atria (right and left) and two ventricles (right and left).
• The septum separates the right and left sides of the heart.
• Oxygenated blood enters the heart via the pulmonary veins and passes through the mitral (bicuspid) valve into the left ventricle.
• Blood flows from the body into the superior vena cava or inferior vena cava to enter the right atrium.
• The interventricular septum divides the right and left ventricles.
• From the right atrium, blood passes through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle.
• Deoxygenated blood leaves the heart through the pulmonary artery and oxygenated blood exits through the aorta.
• The coronary sulcus runs along the junction between the atria and ventricles.
• The interventricular septum separates the two ventricles.
• The left side of the heart receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and pumps it out to the rest of the body.
• The pericardium is a double-layered sac surrounding the heart.
• Specific Steps of Blood Flow: Superior and Inferior vena cava, right atrium, tricuspid valve, right ventricle, pulmonary valve, pulmonary arteries, lungs, pulmonary veins, left atrium, Mitral valve(Bicuspid valve), left ventricle, aortic valve, aorta, body tissues.
• Coronary arteries- Get oxygen to the heart muscle
• Myocardium- Wall of heart
• Left side is thicker because the left side pumps throughout the body, right side pumps to lungs.
• Atria are the receiving chambers, thinner walls than ventricles.
• How many atrias are there?

  Two, Left and right atrium.
• Ventricles- the chambers of the heart that pump blood out of the heart.
• Oxygenated-Left side, Deoxygenated-Right.
• Pulmonary Arteries- Take blood without oxygen to the lungs(Only arteries do not have oxygenated blood)
• Aorta- carries blood from the heart to the body and the rest of the body and is the largest artery in the body.
• Vena cava

  • Superior- carries blood from the head and upper body into the heart
  • Inferior- carries blood from the lower body and organs into the heart both are veins
• What do heart valves prevent?


  Blood from flowing backwards.
• Where are the heart valves located?

  Between the atria and ventricles.
• Tricuspid valve- valve between the right atrium and right ventricle
• Bicuspid valve- valve between the left atrium and left ventricle.
• The bi-semilunar valve lies right between the right and left atriums.
• The aortic semilunar lies above the left ventricle. And their function is to prevent backflow of blood into the left ventricle.
• Pulmonary veins- carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart(left atrium). Only veins to have oxygenated blood.
• Septum- separates the left and right sides of the heart, made of muscle and connective tissue.
• Chordae Tendineae- Are chord like tendons that connect the papillary muscles to the tricuspid valve in the heart.
• Heart attacks- A blockage in the coronary arteries that supply the heart with oxygenated blood when it is blocked.
• Strokes- Blood clot blocks an artery or a blood vessel breaks, stopping blood flow to an area of the brain.

  • To check use the smile, raise arm, speech, and time thing.
• Heart murmurs- An extra or unusual sound heard during a heartbeat due to a valve malfunctioning.
• Cardiac cycle- Sequence of filling and pumping the heart, takes about 0.8 secs for each cycle
• Systole begins w/contraction of atria fully filling ventricles

  -The ventricles contract->this closes AV valves, opens semilunar valves blood pumps out
• When the heart is relaxed it is Diastole.

  -Blood flows into all chambers

  -AV valves open
• Blood pressure- Systolic pressure-120-maximum arterial pressure during ventricular ejection. Drops rapidly due to high resistance inarterioles

  Diastolic pressure-70-minimum arterial pressure right before ventricular ejection