Reactions of Acids

• What are metal oxides and metal hydroxides classified as?

  They are bases.
• What happens to some metal oxides and hydroxides in water?

  They dissolve in water.
• What are the soluble compounds formed from metal oxides and hydroxides in water called?

  Alkalies.
• How do alkalies react with acids in neutralization reactions?

  They react to form salts and water.
• What do all metal oxides and hydroxides do in reactions with acids?

  They react to form salts and water.
• What is the general reaction formula for an acid reacting with a metal oxide?

  Acid + Metal Oxide → Salt + Water
• What is the general reaction formula for an acid reacting with a metal hydroxide?

  Acid + Metal Hydroxide → Salt + Water
• What does the type of salt produced in a reaction depend on?

  It depends on the acid and metal used.
• What is produced when hydrochloric acid reacts with copper oxide?

  Copper chloride and water.
• What is produced when sulfuric acid reacts with copper hydroxide?

  Copper sulfate and water.
• What is produced when nitric acid reacts with calcium carbonate?

  Calcium nitrate, carbon dioxide, and water.
• What do metal carbonates produce when they react with acids?

  Salts, carbon dioxide, and water.
• What is the reaction of sulfuric acid with sodium carbonate?

  Sodium sulfate, carbon dioxide, and water.
• How do you determine the charges of ions in a compound?

  By balancing the positive and negative charges.
• What is the significance of balancing charges in a compound?

  It ensures the compound is electrically neutral.
• What is the formula for magnesium chloride?

  MgCl₂
• What is the formula for calcium sulfate?

  CaSO₄
• What is the formula for copper carbonate?

  CuCO₃
• What is produced when sodium bicarbonate reacts with acetic acid?

  Sodium acetate, carbon dioxide, and water.
• What are the products of acid-base reactions involving metal oxides and hydroxides?

  • Salts
  • Water
• What are the types of acids and their corresponding metal compounds that can produce soluble salts?

  • Hydrochloric acid → Chlorides
  • Sulfuric acid → Sulfates
  • Nitric acid → Nitrates
• How do you create soluble salts using an insoluble base?

  1. Choose the right acid.
  2. Use an insoluble metal oxide or hydroxide.
  3. React them to form soluble salts.
• What is the role of water in acid-base reactions?

  • Acts as a solvent
  • Participates in the reaction
• What is the importance of understanding the charges of ions in compounds?

  • Ensures compounds are neutral
  • Helps predict chemical behavior
• What are the common metal hydroxides and their reactions with acids?

  • Sodium hydroxide → Sodium salt + Water
  • Potassium hydroxide → Potassium salt + Water
  • Calcium hydroxide → Calcium salt + Water
• What are the common metal oxides and their reactions with acids?

  • Copper oxide → Copper salt + Water
  • Zinc oxide → Zinc salt + Water
  • Magnesium oxide → Magnesium salt + Water
• What are the products of reactions between acids and metal carbonates?

  • Salts
  • Carbon dioxide
  • Water
• What is the significance of balancing charges in ionic compounds?

  • Ensures electrical neutrality
  • Determines the formula of the compound
• How do you determine the formula of a compound from its ions?

  1. Identify the ions involved.
  2. Balance the charges.
  3. Write the formula.
• What is the chemical formula for water?


  H₂O
• What is the chemical formula for carbon dioxide?


  CO₂
• What can you make using soluble salts and an insoluble base?

  • Soluble salts can be made using:
  • An insoluble base
  • An acid
• What is the reaction to make copper chloride?

  CuO + 2HCl → CuCl₂ + H₂O
• What can you react with copper carbonate to produce copper chloride?

  Hydrochloric acid
• What should you do to dilute the acid before adding the insoluble base?

  Gently warm the dilute acid
• What indicates that the reaction between acid and base is complete?

  When no more base reacts
• What should you do after the reaction is complete?

  Filter out the excess solid
• What is the purpose of filtering the solution?

  To remove excess solid from the solution
• What is the next step after filtering the solution?

  Evaporate the water to obtain crystals
• What is crystallization?

  Formation of solid crystals from a solution