karez

• A karez is a water-tunnel or a narrow underground canal that starts from the base of a hill or mountain where ground water is present
• The karez runs for 1 or 2 kms underground, sometimes up to 10 kms, and irrigates orchards and agricultural fields
• Throughout its length, the karez is dotted with vertical shafts used for cleaning, repairing, and extracting water for domestic purposes
• If the karez is cleaned and repaired regularly, it can remain productive for a century or more
• The selection of a site for digging the karez is done by experienced village elders, while the digging and repair are done by a group of laborers trained in this tradition
• The karez is usually privately owned by a group of people who share the water according to their percentage share in the karez
• The main problem with karez is that its water cannot be stopped from flowing, and maintenance is difficult and expensive
• Karez irrigation is practiced only in Baluchistan, with most karez located in Zhob, Loralai, the Quetta Pishin and Mastung valleys, and in favorable areas in Makran
• Karez irrigation is gradually losing its importance
• Main Points (Karez)

  Underground canals / tunnel Uses ground water Vertical shafts for cleaning Irrigates oases Example – Quetta – Pishun valley, Mastung valley.
• Advantages

  Continuous supply Water from mountains put to good use Does not evaporate Only water in the desert.
• Disadvantages

  Less important Lack of government investment Less rain in Baluchistan.
• Q.1. Explain how karez irrigation helps date palms to grow in the oases.

  Ans. Provides water for irrigation Underground canals Reduces evaporation More rain on mountains / higher slopes