group dynamics (prelim)

• GROUP

  is two or more individuals who are connected by and within social relationships.
• GROUP


  a collection of individuals who have relations to one another.
• MEMBERSHIP


  the state of being a part of, or included within, a social group
• NETWORK

  a set of interconnected individuals or groups.
• SOCIAL IDENTITY


  those qualities that are held in common by two or more people who recognize that they are members of the same group or social category
• DYADS


  two members
• TRIADS

  three members
• MOBS, CROWDS, CONGREGATION


  very large collection of people
• TRUE

  TRUE OR FALSE:

  
  

  in larger groups, subgroups are likely to form
• TIES = n(n-1)/2


  what is the formula of ties?
• SOCIAL IDENTITY


  it creates a sense of we and us, as well as a sense of they
• INTERACTION


  what people in a group do
• RELATIONSHIP INTERACTION


  actions performed that influence the emotional and interpersonal bonds within the group, including both positive actions (social support, consideration) and negative actions (criticism, conflict).
• TASK INTERACTION


  actions performed that pertain to the group's projects, tasks, and goals.
• GOALS

  reason

  
  

  mcGrath's circumplex model of group tasks

  - generating ideas or plans

  - choosing a solution

  - negotiating a solution to a conflict

  - executing (performing) a task

  Example: Thesis, Group project, Police taskforce
• INTERDEPENDENCE


  the state of being dependent to some degree on other people, as when one's outcomes, actions, thoughts, feelings, and experiences are determined in whole or in part by others.
• GROUP STRUCTURE

  the underlying pattern of roles, norms, and relations among members that organizes groups.
• ROLE


  a coherent set of behaviors expected of people who occupy specific positions within a group.
• NORM


  a consensual and often implicit standard that describes what behaviors should and should not be performed in a given context.
• GROUP COHESION

  the strength of the bonds linking individuals to and in the group
• ENTITATIVITY


  is the extent to which individuals perceive how unified the group appears to be; the perceived unity rather than the group's actual unity. Influenced by the below:

  - Common fate

  - Similarity

  - Proximity
• PRIMARY GROUPS


  a small, long-term group, such as families and friendship cliques, characterized by face-to-face interaction, solidarity, and high levels of member-to-group interdependence and identification.
• SOCIAL GROUPS


  a relatively small number of individuals who interact with one another over an extended period of time, such as workgroups, clubs, and congregations
• COLLECTIVES


  are relatively large aggregations or group of individuals who display similarities inactions and outlook

  Example: queue in the bank
• CATEGORY


  an aggregation of people or things that share some common attribute or are related in some way (Visayans, Kapampangan, Tagalog) Types of groups
• GROUP DYNAMICS

  the actions, processes, and changes that occur within and between groups; the scientific study of those processes
• INTUITION, AUTHORITY, RATIONALISM, EMPIRICISM, SCIENTIFIC METHOD


  what are the five methods of acquiring knowledge?
• what are the three critical requirements of a scientific approach?
• DEDUCTION

  theory → hypothesis → observation → confirmation

  
  

  Example: Aristotle
• INDUCTION


  theory → hypothesis → pattern → observation

  
  

  Example: Sherlock
• OBSERVATIONAL MEASURES

  observing and recording events

  
  

  Example: Whyte's participant observation of corner gangs
• HAWTHORNE EFFECT


  a change in behavior that occurs when individuals know they are being studied by researchers
• STRUCTURED OBSERVATIONAL METHODS


  a research procedure that classifies (codes) group members' actions into defined categories.
• IPA or INTERACTION PROCESS ANALYSIS


  a structured coding system developed by Robert Bales used to classify group behavior into task-oriented and relationship-oriented categories.
• SYMLOG or SYSTEMATIC MULITIPLE LEVEL OBSERVATION OF GROUPS


  a theoretical and structured coding system developed by Robert Bales which assumes that group activities can be classified along three dimensions:

  - dominance vs submissiveness

  - friendliness vs unfriendliness

  - acceptance of authority vs opposition to authority
• QUALITATIVE STUDY


  a research procedure used to collect and analyze nonnumeric, unquantified types of data, such as text, images, or objects
• QUANTITATIVE STUDY


  a research procedure used to collect and analyze data in a numeric form, such as frequencies, proportions, or amounts
• SELF-REPORT MEASURES


  ask group members to describe their own perceptions and experiences

  - an assessment method, such as a questionnaire, test, or interview, that ask respondents to describe their feelings, attitudes, or beliefs

  
  

  Example: personality, emotional intelligence, organizational climate
• MBTI or MYERS-BRIGGS TYPE INDICATOR

  PERSONALITY TEST:

  
  

  classifies individuals along 4 theoretically independent dimensions
• E

  MBTI SCALE:

  
  

  oriented primarily toward the outer world; focus on people and objects