Weaknesses of WMM

• Case studies: KF findings are limited to only one person and can’t be generalised to everyone, as might be his specific injury-causing changes
• Reductionism: saying only 4 parts to WM, which seems to oversimplify how WM works and the central executive is not very understood; Baddeley says if the workings aren’t fully understood, it can’t be a good model
• Blind people have spatial awareness despite no visual input so WMM is inaccurate as spatial information is taken in other ways
• Low ecological validity: lab experiments aren’t how we use memory in everyday life so we can’t transfer findings to real life; dual performance is much more complex in reality