Global distribution of diseases

• Malaria

  Concentrated in Africa, Latin America, South Asia and Southeast Asia.

  3.2 billion people at risk across 97 countries.

  Transmitted via Anopheles mosquitoes which thrive in warm, humid environments.

  Absent from large urban areas in the tropics.
• HIV/AIDS


  Main concentration of infection is in sub-Saharan Africa.

  35 million people were infected globally in 2015.

  South Africa and Nigeria have largest numbers.

  >1/4 carry the disease in Swaziland and Lesotho.
• Tuberculosis (TB)

  Concentrated in Africa, within those infected with HIV/AIDS.

  High in Afghanistan, Myanmar and Cambodia.

  95% of deaths occur in low and middle income countries.

  Nearly 9 million cases in 2013; 1.5 million deaths.
• Diabetes

  Afflicts nearly 250 million people globally; 4 million deaths annually.

  Widespread in developed and developing countries.

  Concentrated in North America, East Asia and South Asia.

  Type-1; develops in childhood, genetic.

  Type-2; develops in adulthood, linked with obesity.
• Cardiovascular disease (CVD)


  Highest mortality rates in Russia, sub-Saharan Africa and the Arabian Peninsula.

  Kills 17 million a year globally.

  80% occurring in low and middle income countries.