perdev

• Adolescence is the transition period between being a child and being an adult
• Erik Erikson:

  • A Danish-German developmental psychologist and psychoanalyst known for his theory on the psychological development of human beings
  • Born on June 15, 1902, and died on May 12, 1994, at the age of 91
  • Ranked as the 12th most eminent psychologist of the 20th century
• Havighurst's Six Major Stages in Human Life:

  1. Adjusting to a new physical sense of self

  2. Adjusting to new intellectual abilities

  3. Adjusting to increased cognitive demands at school

  4. Developing expanded verbal skills

  5. Developing a personal sense of identity

  6. Establishing emotional and psychological independence from parents

  7. Establishing adult vocational goals

  8. Developing stable and productive peer relationships

  9. Learning to manage sexuality

  10. Adopting a personal value system

  11. Developing increased impulse control and behavioral maturity
• Jean Piaget's Cognitive Development
• Middle Adolescence (15-16 years old)
• • Ethics and Self-Direction: useful insight, focus on personal dignity, self-esteem, goal setting, acceptance of social institutions, self-regulation of self-esteem
• Toward Becoming Responsible Adolescents:

  1. Developing occupational skills

  2. Developing self-reliance

  3. Learning to manage finances

  4. Understanding social responsibility

  5. Acquiring a mature work orientation

  6. Accepting personal responsibility

  7. Instilling a positive attitude towards work

  8. Being courageous in standing up and being different from friends

  9. Developing self-esteem

  10. Being true to oneself and avoiding the tendency to please others

  11. Learning how media and advertising try to influence one's thinking and feeling

  12. Becoming aware, critical, and involved with social issues

  13. Embracing a healthy lifestyle

  14. Developing one's spirituality
• Developing occupational skills - develop responsibility in preparation for future employment.
• Developing self-reliance - identify skills, knowledge, capabilities to engage in meaningful activities without relying too much on others.
• Learning to manage finances - to discern the difference between "wants and needs"
• Understanding social responsibility - seeing ones' roles in the community as an agent of change.
• Acquiring a mature work orientation - entails having pride in what one does and raising standards of excellence in one's quality of work.
• Accepting personal responsibility - knowing the consequences of one's actions, being responsible for one's decisions without putting blame on others.
• Instilling a positive attitude towards work - by seeing work as a way towards self-improvement and as an expression of love for others and himself/herself.
• Being courageous in standing up and being different from friends - not losing one's own identity to one's group of friends, learning to say no to peer pressure and if against his/her values and beliefs.
• Develop self-esteem - involves learning to understand, accept, and appreciate oneself as a unique person without comparing yourself to others.
• Being true to oneself and avoiding the tendency to please others - being true to oneself and assert his individuality and uniqueness; true friends will accept for who they are.
• Learning how media and advertising try to influence one's thinking and feeling.
• Becoming aware, critical, and involved with social issues.
• Embracing a healthy lifestyles - being aware of one's health, allow yourself to rest and relax.
• Developing one's spirituality - finding what gives meaning to one's life and experiences.
• The peer group plays a major role in facilitating the achievement of adolescents' developmental tasks
• • Adolescents are confronted with various developmental tasks such as achieving new forms of intimate relationships, preparing for an occupation, achieving emotional independence from parents, and developing a set of values and ethical principles
• • Future Interests and Cognitive Development: intellectual interests gain importance; some sexual and aggressive energies directed into creative career interests
• Middle Adolescence (15-16 years old)

  • Physical Changes: males show continued height and weight gains; females grow only 1-2 inches after their first menstrual period.
• Middle Adolescence (15-16 years old)

  Ethics and Self-Direction: development of ideals, selection of role models, conscience, goal-setting capacity, moral reasoning interest.
• Late Adolescence (17-21 years old):
• Late adolescence (17-21 years old)

  Future Interests and Cognitive Development: more defined work habits; higher concern for the future; thoughts about one's role in life
• Late Adolescence (17-21 years old)

  Physical Changes: most young women are fully developed; young men continue to gain height, weight, muscle mass, body hair