methods of contraception

• Combined Oral Contraceptives contain both estrogen and progesterone hormones to prevent ovulation.
• condoms are the only method of contraception that prevent STD's
• STD = sexually transmitted disease
• Spermicides are chemicals used as a barrier method of contraception to kill sperm cells.
• the combined pill has oestrogen ad progesterone to prevent the release of FSH which prevents egg maturing.
• the combined pill is very effective - 99% effective
• progesterone pill (oral) - prevents the release of LH. thickens mucus from cervix preventing sperm from reaching the egg.
• side effects of the combined pill and progesterone pill - nausea and discomfort, no protection from STDs
• Implant - a small plastic rod inserted into the skin beneath the upper arm. which releases progesterone for 3 years. stops the production of LH which prevents ovulation.
• side effects of the implant : nausea, headaches, mood swings. can lead to periods stopping (no harmful)
• IUD - intrauterine device
• Copper IUD - small T-shaped plastic + copper device inserted into the uterus. releases copper which means it is difficult for the fertilised egg to implant itseld
• the copper IUD lasts for 5-10 years
• side effects of the copper IUD - small risk of infection, body pushing out IUD, may lead to heavier periods.
• Progesterone IUD - small T-shaped plastic that released progesterone for 3-5 years. 99 % effective.
• risks of condoms - oil lubricants can damage condoms. condoms can break during intercourse or in packaging.
• spermicide is a gel
• spermicides+cap is not very effective
• spermicides + cap = change every time you have intercourse, leave in for 6 hours after.
• risks/dangers of spermicides + cap = irritation or bladder infection.
• Female Sterilisation - blocking fallopian tubes to prevent eggs reaching sperm.
• female sterilisation - blocked tubes can unblock immediately or years later
• female sterilisation - 99% effective
• female sterilisation - difficult to reverse, small risk during operation
• vasectomy - cutting or sealing tubes that carry sperm
• vasectomy - difficult to reverse, small risk of infection, can cause bruising, pain and swelling in testicles