Nutrition

• Nutrition refers to the biological activity of an animal, including digestion, absorption, and transport of food or raw materials into their cells for growth, reproduction, and maintenance of homeostatic balance
• Carbohydrates are organic compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, providing the major source of energy for the body (80 to 100% of calories)
• Carbohydrates are divided into three groups:

  • Monosaccharides (simple sugars): the simplest form of carbohydrates (e.g., glucose, fructose, galactose)
  • Disaccharides (double-sugars): made up of 2 monosaccharides (e.g., sucrose, lactose, maltose)
  • Oligosaccharides (Trisaccharides): formed of carbohydrates consisting of 3 to 10 simple sugars (e.g., raffinose, maltotriose, stychyose)
  • Polysaccharides: composed of more than 10 simple sugars (e.g., starch, cellulose, glycogen)
• Proteins are organic substances that yield amino acids on digestion, used in repairing worn-out body tissue
• Fats are organic compounds providing a concentrated source of energy (constituting 34% of the energy in the human body)
• Vitamins are organic molecules required in small amounts for normal metabolism, while trace elements or minerals are inorganic nutrients needed by the body in minute amounts
• Carbohydrates are organic compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, providing a major source of energy for the body
• Carbohydrates are divided into three groups:

  • Monosaccharides (simple sugars): e.g., glucose, fructose, galactose
  • Disaccharides (double-sugars): e.g., sucrose, lactose, maltose
  • Oligosaccharides (Trisaccharides): e.g., raffinose, maltotriose, stychyose
  • Polysaccharides: e.g., starch, cellulose, glycogen
• Proteins are organic substances made up of amino acids, essential for repairing worn-out body tissues
• Fats are organic compounds providing a concentrated source of energy, constituting 34% of the energy in the human body
• • Heterotrophs: organisms that cannot make their own food and obtain their energy from other organisms (e.g., animals, fungi)
• • Autotrophs: organisms that produce their own food using sunlight and chemicals (e.g., plants, chemosynthetic bacteria)
• • Vitamins: organic molecules required in small amounts for normal metabolism (e.g., Vitamins A, D, E, K, B, C)
• • Trace Elements or Minerals: inorganic nutrients needed in minute amounts (e.g., iodine, cobalt, zinc, selenium)
• Glucose+Glucose= Maltose
• Glucose+Fructose+Galactose= Raffinose
• Glucose+Fructose= Sucrose
• Glucose+Galactose= Lactose