GRP. 6

• What is petrology the study of?

  Rocks, their composition, structure, and origin
• Why is petrology important in geology and engineering?

  It provides insights into Earth's history and processes
• What are the branches of petrology?

  • Igneous Petrology
  • Sedimentary Petrology
  • Metamorphic Petrology
• What does igneous petrology examine?

  Rocks formed from molten magma solidification
• What information do igneous rocks provide?

  Insights about Earth's crust and geological activities
• What does sedimentary petrology focus on?

  Rocks formed from sediment accumulation and solidification
• What are the three categories of sedimentary rocks?

  • Clastic: Fragments of pre-existing rocks
  • Chemical: Mineral precipitation from solution
  • Organic: Derived from biological materials
• What are stratified rocks?

  • Formed through sediment deposition in layers
  • Examples: Sandstone, Limestone, Shale, Slate
• What are unstratified rocks characterized by?

  • Dense granular or crystalline texture
  • Lack distinct layers
  • Examples: Granite, Marble
• What defines foliated rocks?

  • Layered or banded structure
  • Formed under heat and pressure
  • Examples: Gneiss, Schist
• What are argillaceous rocks primarily composed of?

  Clay minerals, mainly alumina and silica
• What characterizes siliceous rocks?

  High silica content, durable and weather-resistant
• What are calcareous rocks primarily composed of?

  Calcium carbonate
• What does the rock cycle describe?

  • Continuous transformation of rocks
  • Changes between different rock types over time
• What initiates igneous rock formation in the rock cycle?

  Cooling and solidification of molten rock (magma)
• What is the process called when magma cools and solidifies?

  Crystallization
• What happens during weathering and erosion?

  Rocks break down into particles and form sediment
• What occurs during compaction and cementation?

  Sediments become sedimentary rock under pressure
• What is metamorphism?

  Transformation of rocks under heat and pressure
• What happens to metamorphic rocks under extreme heat?

  They melt into magma
• What is the importance of petrology in civil engineering?

  • Aids in infrastructure planning
  • Material selection for construction
  • Assesses foundation stability
  • Evaluates geological hazards
  • Ensures safe excavations
  • Designs durable roads and pavements
• How does petrology assist in foundation stability?

  By assessing rock types for structural support
• Why is material selection important in civil engineering?

  To choose strong and wear-resistant rocks
• How does petrology help in safe excavations?

  By understanding rock fractures for tunneling
• What role does petrology play in water seepage control?

  Evaluating impermeable rocks for dam construction
• How does petrology contribute to geological hazard assessment?

  By identifying risks like landslides and earthquakes
• What is the significance of rock selection in road and pavement design?

  To enhance durability of the materials used