3RD QUARTER

• This branch deals with both the "external and internal structures "of organism. The subject concerning internal. structure is also known as Anatomy. Morphology
• In this branch discussion is made on structure, location and function of different tissues.?

  Histology
• : Each living organism consists of one or more cells. Structures and functions of cells are treated in this branch of Biology.?

  Cytology
• This branch deals with the origin and successive transformations of living organisms?

  Evolution
• This branch considers the effects of environment on living organisms or living communities and also interaction between them.?

  Ecology
• How different characters are inherited from parents to offspring’s, and how the processes can be controlled and improved etc. are brought under study and research in this branch.?

  Genetics
• In this branch discussion is made on identification nomenclature, and classification of plants and animals into groups and subgroups.?

  Taxonomy
• This branch includes all the activities of living things e.g. growth respiration, excretion, photosynthesis and other biological activities.?

  Physiology
• this deals with theoretical discussion and research about characters and other features of plants,?

  Botany
• this  is limited in subjects relating to study of animals.?

  Zoology
• The term Biology comes from two Greek words BIOS means?

  LIFE
• . The term Biology comes from two Greek words (bios means life and LOGO means?

  Knowledge/ study
• a type of reproduction by which offspring arise from a single organism, and inherit the genes of that parent only; it does not involve the fusion of gametes and almost never changes the number of chromosomes?

  Asexual Reproduction
• the cell divides into two daughter cells that are similar in size and shape.Bacteria reproduce by?

  Binary Fission
• Asexual reproduction in plants is also called?

  Vegetative Reproduction
•    Some types of molds reproduce through_________ They produce reproductive cells - spores - that are stored in special spore cases until they are ready to be released. After they are released, they will develop into new, individual organisms. Bread mold reproduces by spore formation, is another means of asexual reproduction among protozoa and many plants. A spore is a reproductive cell that produces a new organism without fertilization?

  Sporulation
• During ________, a new organism starts growing from the parent's body. At first it looks like a bud. This bud later develops into a mature organism. Sometimes it stays attached to the parent's body and sometimes it breaks off. Hydras reproduce by ________a new organism develops from an outgrowth or bud due to cell division at one particular site. The new organism remains attached as it grows, separating from the parent organism only when it is mature, leaving behind scar tissue?

  BUdding
• are special structures that are found in sea sponges. A parent sponge releases ______that later develop into mature sponges.are internal buds found in sponges and are involved in asexual reproduction. • It is an asexually reproduced mass of cells, that is capable of developing into a new organism i.e., an adult sponge.?

  Gemmules
• detached pieces of the parent’s body can develop into a new organism if this body part contains enough genetic information. Some flat worms and starfish can reproduce by regeneration what type of asexual ?

  Regeneration
• the meeting of two portions of DNA possible consequent recombination of physical characteristics in the resulting organism. what type of reproducion?

  Sexual Reproduction
• The simplest form of sexual reproduction in algae is?in which two similar organisms fuse, exchange genetic material and then break apart

  conjugation
• Some multicellular green algae undergo a process called alternation of generations. During this process, generations of different types of organisms are produced: haploid and diploid.
• Flowers contain both male and female parts. • The female part is called the pistil, which consists of the ovary, ovule, style and stigma at the tip. • The male structure is called the stamen. It consists of the filament amd pollen producing anther
• is the process by which pollen is transferred from the anther (male part) to the stigma (female part) of the plant, thereby enabling fertilization and reproduction.?

  pollination
• Some flowers have only one and therefore depend on other animals in order to reproduce. These flowers are known as Imperfect flowers.
• The flowers which have both of these organs are known as perfect flowers
• Animal male gamete is called spermatozoan or sperm.
• Sperm is a mobile cell that moves using its 'tail', called flagellum.
• Female gamete is called an ovum.
• During internal fertilization, eggs are fertilized inside the female's body. Animals, like reptiles and birds, lay eggs after fertilization. New offspring develop outside the female's body. All eggs are covered by a protective shell. Mammal females, except monotremes, develop a new embryo inside their body. This extra protection increases an organism's chances of survival.
• During external fertilization, the egg is fertilized outside the female's body. Male and female gametes are released into these species' surroundings where they fuse, forming a zygote. This type of fertilization usually occurs in water. Amphibians and fish are examples of animals that reproduce in this way.
• Hermaphrodites are animals that have both female and male reproductive organs.

  Earthworms and leeches are hermaphrodites, but as they produce eggs and sperm at different times, they need a mate to reproduce. Flatworms are hermaphrodites that can self-fertilize.
• In some animal species, eggs can develop without fertilization in a process called parthenogenesis. Some types of birds and bees can reproduce by parthenogenesis.