Nervous System

• Central Nervous system and Peripheral Nervous System
• The central nervous system (CNS) consists of the brain and spinal cord.
• The central nervous system recieves and processes information and is protected by the bones
• The vertebral column protects the spinal cord
• The cerebral spinal fluid is a liquid that protects the central nervous system.
• Peripheral Nervous system is everything else outside of the central nervous system.
• Parts of the neuron: Dendrites, soma (cell body), nucleus, axon, axon terminal
• Dendrites function as a contact for incoming signals (synapses) from other neurons or sensory cells
• The message runs across the axon and goes to the axon terminal which passes the message to a muscle or the next neuron.
• The myelin sheath is what the axon is covered in. it increases the speed of an impulse/signal of an axon.
• • Types of neurons (IN ORDER)
  • Sensory neuron (five senses) is in the peripheral nervous system. It responds to a stimulus, Receives the stimulus and transmits the signal to the CNS (interneuron).
  • Interneuron (in between) is in the central nervous system. The interneuron processes the message from the sensory neuron and decides how to respond to stimulus
  • The motor neuron is in the peripheral nervous system and it receives instructions from the interneuron and sends a signal to respond
• Depolarization and Repolarizaiton:

  Depolarization happens when the sodium ion channels open within the plasma membrane. Repolarization happens when potassium ion channels open
• Name these accordingly:

  1. Cerebral cortex (covering of forebrain)
  2. Corpus Callosum (joins brain hemispheres)
  3. Thalamus (sensation)
  4. Hypothalamus (secretes hormones)

  
• • Lobes of the Cerebrum
  • Blue: Frontal lobe
  • Yellow: Parietal lobe
  • Red: Occipital lobe
  • Green: Temporal lobe

  
• Functions of the lobes:

  Frontal: Speech, Motor control

  Parietal: Sensation, taste, reading

  Occipital lobe: Vision

  Temporal lobe: Hearing, smell
• Name the following:

  1. Midbrain
  2. Pons
  3. Medulla oblongata
  4. Cerebellum

  
• Name the functions:

  1. Midbrain: relay stations for tracts passing the forebrain, spinal cord, or cerebellum
  2. Pons: Sleep, Wakefulness
  3. Medulla oblongata: Controls breathing, heartbeat, blood pressure
  4. Cerebellum: Controls motor coordination