Bowlby's theory in maternal deprivation

• How does a lack of a caregiver affect a child's development?

  It reduces IQ and increases delinquency risk
• What did Bowlby believe about affectionless psychopathy?

  It involves little care for others
• What did Bowlby want to test regarding deprivation?

  The effects of deprivation and the critical period
• What is the difference between separation and deprivation?

  • Separation: Child not with primary attachment
  • Deprivation: Caregiver lacks emotional care
• How many criminal teenagers did Bowlby study?

  44 criminal teenagers
• What was the comparison group in Bowlby's study?

  44 emotionally disturbed teenagers
• How many of the 44 criminal teenagers were identified as affectionless psychopaths?

  14 out of 44
• What percentage of affectionless psychopaths experienced extended separation?

  12 out of 14
• How many of the 30 non-affectionless psychopaths experienced prolonged separation?

  5 of them
• How many from the controlled group experienced prolonged separation?

  Only 2 from the controlled group
• What conclusion did Bowlby reach about prolonged maternal separation?

  It could lead to affectionless psychopathy
• What are the criticisms of Bowlby's research?

  • Investigator effects: Bowlby conducted self-reports
  • Oversimplified concepts: Rutter's distinctions on attachment
• What did Rutter argue about Bowlby's concepts?

  He failed to distinguish between types of separation
• What did Rutter believe about the long-term effects of attachment circumstances?

  They have different long-term effects on development
• How has Bowlby's research been applied in real life?

  • Highlights importance of positive attachment
  • Influences maternity leave policies (e.g., Sweden's 480 days)
• What does Bowlby's research suggest about early childhood?

  Maintaining attachment is crucial during early years