WORLD HISTORY 2

• Renaissance is the French term for "rebirth"
• The Renaissance developed during the spread of Humanism, a philosophy focusing on human interests and needs, considering people rational beings
• The Renaissance began in Italy
• Francesco Petrarch, an Italian poet, scholar, and humanist born in 1304, led the early development of Renaissance humanism
• During the Renaissance, there was a Graeco-Arabic Translation Movement where ancient Greek and Roman texts were translated into Arabic
• Niccolo Machiavelli, a diplomat and author, wrote "The Prince" in 1513, emphasizing that successful rulers often used deceit and force to maintain power
• The House of Medici, an Italian banking family and political dynasty, played a significant role in the Renaissance period
• Isabella d'Este, known as "the first woman of the world," was a prominent figure in Renaissance Italy who supported renowned artists like Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo
• The Renaissance was characterized by a focus on humanities, art, sciences, and religion
• Renaissance art, produced in the 14th-16th centuries, was influenced by nature, classical learning, and individualism
• Three of the greatest Renaissance artists were Raphael, Michelangelo, and Leonardo da Vinci
• Raphael Santi was known for combining religious art with a Renaissance spirit, famous for paintings like the School of Athens
• Michelangelo Buonarroti was a versatile artist known for sculptures like David and painting the Sistine Chapel ceiling
• Leonardo da Vinci, the ultimate Renaissance man, was an artist, architect, engineer, and scientist known for works like the Mona Lisa and The Last Supper
• Martin Luther led the German Protestant Reformation in the 1500s
• Queen Elizabeth I made significant contributions to the English Renaissance in arts, culture, education, exploration, and trade
• William Shakespeare, a renowned playwright, brought core values of the English Renaissance into theater with psychologically complex characters
• King Francis I supported artists and humanist learning, attracting Italian artists to work in France during the Renaissance
• Novum Organum - Scientific Method

  Scientific Revolution

  Andreas Vesalius   -Father of Anatomy

  Giordano Bruno- First to propose universe is infinite

  Antoine Van Leeuwenhoek- Father of Microbiology

  William Harvey- Circulation of Blood

  Robert Boyle- Father of Chemistry

  Paracelcus- Father of Toxicology

  Tyco Brahe - Tychonic System

  Johannes Kepler- Father of Astronomy

  Francis Bacon Baconian Method Galileo Galilei -Father of Modern Science

  Nicolaus Copernicus- Heliocentric

  Rene Descartes- Father of  Modern Philosophy

  Sir Issac Newton- Motion and Gravitation