NI_Computer,H&S&Pware

• Computer: An electronic, programmable device that stores, processes, and retrieves data
• Elements of a computer:

  1. Electronic:

  • Uses electricity from various sources like AC, batteries, solar energy

  2. Programmable:

  • Can be given instructions apart from installed firmware

  3. Store:

  • Saves data for later access

  4. Process:

  • Manipulates data into information

  5. Retrieve:

  • Allows users to access saved data and recover deleted data
• Functions of a computer:

  1. Input: Feeding data into the computer

  2. Output: Result of processed data

  3. Process: Manipulation of entered data

  4. Storage: Saving data for later use
• Benefits of using a computer:

  1. High speed: Performs millions of calculations in seconds

  2. Accuracy: Performs tasks with 99.9% accuracy

  3. Storage capability: Stores large amounts of data

  4. Diligence: Works continuously without errors

  5. Versatility: Flexible in performing tasks

  6. Reliability: Has failure-free electronic components

  7. Reduction in paperwork: Reduces paperwork and expedites work

  8. Reduction in cost: Reduces transaction costs
• Personal Computer:

  • Composed of hardware, software, and peopleware
  • Components interact to make the PC function optimally
• Hardware: Physical and tangible parts of the computer system
• System unit:

  • Houses main components of the computer
  • Contains motherboard, CPU, RAM, and other hardware components
• Operating system:

  • Controls hardware and interacts with user and application software
  • Chief control program of the computer
• Computer Engineers:

  • Design software and applications for specific sectors or industries
  • Responsible for software upgrades and modifications to ensure system functionality
• Software Engineers:

  • Design, develop, test, and evaluate computer software
  • Work on CPUs to ensure the computer functions according to the company's needs
• Information Technology Specialist:

  • Plan and perform tasks related to computer system installation, troubleshooting, and maintenance
  • Implement security programs, procedures, and policies to safeguard organizational data
• Web Designer:

  • Design navigation schemes of websites and compile online content and applications
  • Design web page layouts and place useful information effectively on websites
• Computer Technicians:

  • Responsible for repairing and maintaining computers
  • Configure new hardware, install and upgrade software, and maintain computer networks
• • CPU/Central Processing Unit: The brain of the computer that carries out the instructions of a computer program by performing basic arithmetical, logical, and input/output operations of the system
• Input Devices:

  Keyboard: commonly used input device
• Input Devices:

  Mouse: controls an on-screen pointer called the cursor
• Input Devices:

  Graphics Tablet: permits drawing directly into the computer
• Input Devices:

  Joystick: commonly used for playing games on the computer
• Input Devices:

  Headset: composed of an earphone and a microphone, contains voice recognition software
• Input Devices:

  Scanner: similar to a photocopier, document is placed on the surface of the scanner and then activated
• Input Devices:

  Camera: best way to enter a lot of graphic information into a computer at one time
• Input devices:

  Video Capture Hardware: connected to a TV, allows copying of TV programs directly into the computer, like a digital video recorder
• Output Device:

  COMPUTER- It is called the computer screen. -It is the standard output device.
• OUTPUT DEVICES:

  ● PROJECTOR- It is an output device that transfers the display of a monitor onto a flat surface toshow a larger version.
• OUTPUT DEVICES:

  ● SPEAKERS- It is connected to a computer’s sound card that produces sounds.
• OUTPUT DEVICES:

  ● PRINTER- It is a machine used to transfer text or images onto paper. -It is a device that is hooked up to a computer and uses ink.
• OUTPUT DEVICES:

  Video/Graphic Card

  -It is like a kind of computer in itself. This essentially takes the load off the motherboard's CPU and memory to process images. The processing unit on a video card is referred to as a graphics processing unit (GPU). This is very similar to a CPU, but its design is optimized to work with images
• OUTPUT DEVICES:

  HEAT SINK - a component design to lower the temperature of an electronic device by dissipating heat into the surrounding air.
• Basic parts of the system unit include:

  Hard Drive Disk: Used for storing and retrieving data or information
• Basic parts of the system unit include:

  CD/DVD ROM: A multipurpose rewriteable drive that can read audio, data, and video files, and can record or write in both CD and DVD formats
• Basic parts of the system unit include:

  Power Supply Unit: An electronic device that converts AC Power (220V) to low-voltage regulated DC power for the internal components of a computer
• Basic parts of the system unit include:

  RAM: The place in a computer where the operating system, application programs, and data in current use are kept so that they can be quickly reached by the computer's processor.
• Basic parts of the system unit include:

  Motherboard: One of the most essential parts of a computer that holds all the circuitry to connect the various components of a computer system such as CPU, Memory, Graphic Card, and connectors for input and output devices
• What happens to the memory in RAM if the computer shutdown?

  Volatile memory will be deleted
• Functions of operating system:

  1. User interface 2. Loads programs into memory
  2. 3. Coordinates program with hardware and software
• Functions of operating system:

  4. Manages storage and retrieval of information 5. Saves file contents to disk

  6. Reads file contents from disk to memory
• Functions of operating system:

  7. Sends documents to the printer

  8. Provides resources for copying or moving data

  9. Allocates RAM among running programs
• Functions of operating system:

  10. Recognizes keystrokes or mouse clicks and displays on the screen