Relief

• Dominated by the Apennines, 85% upland (above 200 metres).
• The Apennines limits productive agriculture.
• Thin soils on the slopes makes arable farming impossible.
• Trees such as vines and olives can grow as the roots can anchor themselves in thin soils.
• Thin soils lead to poor grass growth meaning only rough grazing of sheep and goats is possible.
• Slopes mostly used for rough grazing of sheep and goats as they have good balance.
• Mechanisation on the slopes is difficult as a result farming is labour intensive.
• Low-lying areas limited to coastal zones e.g. Puglia lowlands. More productive agriculture is possible here e.g. growing of citrus fruits.