Sexual Reproduction in plants

• Define asexual reproduction

  The process resulting in generally identical offspring from a singular parent cell
• Define sexual reproduction

  The process of where the nuclei of the female gamete fuses with the nuclei of the male gamete to produce fertile offspring
• What are asexual sex organs?

  leaf, spores, tubers
• What is an example of sex organs in plants?


  flower
• What is bisexual reproduction?


  When the same flower contains both male and female gametes and the fusion of nuclei happens within the plant itself
• The male part of the flower is known as?

  stamen
• What does the stamen consists of?

  Anther and filament
• What does the anther do?

  Produces pollen grains
• What does the filament do?

  The filament supports the anther or positions the anther
• What is the female part of a flower known as?

  Carpel/Pistil
• What does the carpel consists of?

  stigma, style, ovary, ovule
• What does the stigma do?

  The stigma contains a sticky layer to receive the pollen grains or the male gametes
• What does the style do?

  To allow the movement of pollen grains to the ovary by through the pollen tube
• What does the ovary do?

  The ovary contains the ovule or the female gametes
• What do the ovules do?

  Fertilization takes place here. The nucleus of the ovules fuse with the nucleus of the pollen grain
• What are the remaining parts of a flower?

  Sepal and petal
• What is the function of a sepal?

  To protect the flower during budding
• What is the function of petals?

  To attract pollinators
• Define pollination

  The transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma
• After successful pollination what takes place?

  The anther will release a type of hormone
• What does the type of hormone released form the anther do?

  It stimulates the formation of pollen tube from the pollen grain
• What happens after the pollen tube is formed?

  The pollen grains will penetrate the ovary to reach the ovules so that fertilization can take place
• Define fertilization

  The fusion the nuclei of the male gametes with the nuclei of the female gametes
• Why cant it be female fuse with male, but its male fuse with female?

  This is as the female gametes (ovules) cannot move
• What does the ovule produce after successful fertilization?


  seeds
• What does the ovary produce after successful fertilization?


  Fruits
• What happens to the rest of the plant

  It falls and dies off
• What are the 2 types of pollination?

  Self pollination and cross pollination
• Define self-pollination

  The transfer of pollen grain from the anther to the stigma of the same flower or of a different flower from the same plant
• Define cross-pollination


  The transfer of pollen grains from the anther of one flower to the stigma of a different flower if the same species
• What happens when pollination occurs with 2 flowers of different species?

  It either forms a hybrid or nothing happens
• What are the 2 types of pollinators?

  Insects and winds
• What are the adaptations and functions of flowers that attract insects?


  petals:

  / large - to allow the insects to land on the flower nd support the insect to suck nectar

  / bright coloured and scented - to attract insects

  poillen grains:

  / there are sticky hook shapes on it to attach to the parts of the insect to be pollinated

  nectar:

  / to attract insects

  stigma:

  / inside part of the flower

  / SHORTER than the stamen

  why? to allow the pollen to fall
• What are the adaptations and functions of flowers that use wind a a pollinator?

  Adaptation: Stamen hanging outside the plant, lightweight, and produce large amounts of pollen. Function: To increase the chances of pollen being carried by the wind to other flowers for pollination.

  Adaptation: Feathery/Dangling Stigma

  Function: To hold the pollen grains in the air
• How are the petals in wind pollinated plants?

  They are dull, small and unscented