The cognitive approach

• What is the cognitive approach?

  Argues that internal mental processes can, and should, be studied scientifically. This approach is focused on how our mental processes affect behaviour.
• What is a schema?

  Schemas are packages of information developed through experience. They act as a 'mental framework' for the interpretation of incoming information received by the cognitive system.
• What are theoretical models?

  Theoretical methods are used to explain mental processes. The information processing approach suggests that information flows through a sequence of stages that include input, storage and retrieval.
• What are computer models?


  Computer models refer to programmes that can be run on a computer to imitate the human mind. By running such a programme psychologists can test their ideas about information processing.
• AO3 - Cognitive approach uses scientific and objective methods:


  Cognitive psychologists have always employed controlled and rigorous methods of study, eg. lab studies, in order to infer cognitive processes at work. Also, the two fields of biology and cognitive psychology come together to enhance the scientific basis of study. This means that the study of the minds has established a credible, scientific basis.
• AO3 - Application to everyday life:


  The cognitive approach has been applied to a wide range of practical and theoretical contexts. For example, artificial intelligence and the development of robots, the treatment of depression and improving eyewitness testimony. This supports the value of the cognitive approach.
• AO3 - Machine reductionism:

  The computer analogy has been criticised. For example, emotion and motivation have been shown to influence accuracy of recall, eg. in eyewitness accounts. These factors are not considered within the computer analogy.
• AO3 - Soft determinism:

  The cognitive approach recognises that our cognitive system operates within certain limits, but we are free to make decisions before responding to a stimulus.