MIA Midterm

• External Environment factors affecting organizational performance:

  • Economic
  • Demographic
  • Political/Legal
  • Sociocultural
  • Technological
  • Global
• Specific Environment components:

  • Suppliers
  • Customers
  • Competitors
  • Government agencies
  • Public Pressure groups
  • The organization
• Six Dimensions of Organizational Culture:

  1. Adaptability

  2. Attention to detail

  3. Outcome orientation

  4. People orientation

  5. Team orientation

  6. Integrity
• Types of Diversity:

  • Surface-level diversity: Easily perceived differences that may trigger stereotypes
  • Deep-level diversity: Differences in values, personality, and work preferences
• Challenges in Managing Diversity:

  • Bias
  • Prejudice
  • Glass ceiling
• Workplace diversity is the ways in which people in an organization are different from and similar to one another
• Importance of managing diversity:

  • People management benefits
  • Organizational performance benefits
  • Strategic benefits
• Benefits of Workforce Diversity:

  • People management
  • Organizational Performance
  • Strategic
• Discuss the challenges managers face in managing

  diversity.

  Ø  Bias is a tendency or preference toward a particular

  perspective or ideology

   

  Ø  Prejudice, which is a preconceived belief, opinion, or

  judgment toward a person or a group of people

   

  Ø  Glass ceiling refers to the invisible barrier that

  separates women and minorities from top management

  positions
• People Management

  Ø  Better use of employee talent

  Ø  Increased creativity in team problem-solving

  Ø  Ability to attract and retain employees of diverse backgrounds

   
•  

  Organizational Performance

  Ø  Reduced costs associated with high turnover,

  Ø  absenteeism, and lawsuits

  Ø  Enhanced problem-solving ability Improved system flexibility

   
• 
  

  Strategic

  Ø  Increased understanding of the marketplace, which improves

  ability to better market to diverse consumers

  Ø  Potential to improve sales growth and increase market share

  Ø  Potential source of competitive advantage because of

  improved innovation efforts

  Ø  Viewed as moral and ethical; the “right” thing to do
• External Forces for Change

  1. Consumer needs and wants 
  2. New governmental laws
  3. Technology
  4. The economy
• Internal Forces for Change

  Ø  New organizational

  Ø  strategy

  Ø  Composition of workforce

  Ø  New equipment

  Ø  Employee attitudes
• V U C A: volatility, uncertainty, complexity, and ambiguity
• Types of Change: Strategy

  • Failure to change strategy when circumstances dictate could undermine a company’s success
  • Competition can dictate a change in strategy
  • Organizations that don’t recognize a need to change strategy may not survive in the long run
• Types of Change: Structure

  • Changing structural components
  • Changing structural design
• Types of Change: Technology

  • New equipment, tools, or methods
  • Automation
  • Computerization
• Types of Change: People

  • Organizational development: change methods that focus on people and the nature and quality of interpersonal work relationships
• Why Do People Resist Change?

   

  Ø  Uncertainty

  Ø  Habit

  Ø  Fear of loss

  Ø  Belief change is

  inconsistent with goals

  of organization

   

  Techniques for Reducing Resistance to Change

   

  Ø  Education and communication

  Ø  Participation

  Ø  Facilitation and support

  Ø  Negotiation

  Ø  Manipulation and co-optation

  Ø  Coercion