Respiratory system

• What is the function of the respiratory system?

  O2 exchange , phonation , smell
• What components are part of the conducting portion?

  Nasal cavities , pharynx , larynx , trachea , bronchi , terminal bronchiole
• What components are part of the respiratory portion

  respiratory bronchioles , aleveolar ducts , alveoli
• What is the nasal cavity?


  Large air filled space above and behind the nose
• What are the functions of the nasal cavities?


  air conditioning , warming , moistening , removal of particles , olfaction
• What are the regions of the nasal cavities?

  Nasal vestibule , respiratory region , olfactory region
• What is the function of the vestibule?

  Filters to catch large particles via hair folicles and sebateous glands
• What is the classification of the epithelium in the vestibule?

  Stratified squamous epithelium , dense irregular CT
• What are the components of the lamina propria in the respiratory region?

  Blood vessels , mucus glands and loose connective tissue with immune cells
• What are nasal turbinates?


  bone/cartilage generates turbulence
• What is the classification of the respiratory epithelium in respiratory region?

  Pseudostratified columnar ciliated with goblet cells
• What is the function of the ciliated cells and goblet cells in the respiratory epithelium?

  Ciliated: Moving out particles and microorganisms

  
  

  Goblet: entrapment of particles and microorganisms
• What is the function of the basal , neuroendocrine , M and brush cells in the respiratory epithelium?

  Basal: replacement of epithelial cells

  
  

  Neuroendocrine: regulation of epithelial cell functions

  
  

  M: transport antigens from the lumen to the MALT (mucosa associated lymphoid tissue)

  
  

  Brush: Microvilli and receptor cells
• What is the classification of the olfactory epithelium?

  Pseudostartified columnar sensory with supporting cells , olfactory cells and basal cells
• What is the function of the supporting , olfactory , basal cells?

  Supporting : scaffold and nurture of olfactory cells

  
  

  Olfactory: Bipolar neurons

  
  

  Basal: Replacement of epithelial cells
• What is in the lamina propria in the olfactory epithelium?

  bowman glands , nerves
• What is the function of the pharynx?

  air , food , resonance chamber , tonsils
• What is the function of the clara cells?

  Secretion of tensoactive substances , replacement of bronchial epithelium
• What cells constitute alveoli?

  Type 1 and 2 pneumocyte
• What are the characteristics of type 1 pneumocyte?

  Flat cells , dont divide , 40% of alveolar cells , 95% of alveolar surface
• What are the characteristics of type 2 pneumocyte?


  Secretory cells (surfactant) , 60% alveolar cells , 5% of alveolar surface , alveoli regeneration
• What is the importance of lamellar bodies in type 2 pneumocytes?

  Secretion of tensoactive substances which decrease surface tension of water and avoids collapse of alveoli during expiration
• What are the constituents of the blood-air barrier?

  1) Alveoli

  2) Basement membrane

  3) Endothelium