Stuart Hall (1991) - National Identity and Globalisation

• Stuart Hall completed his studies on changing national identities and how national identity is not important in 1991
• Stuart Hall (1991) argued that changing national identities is due to globalisation
• Stuart Hall (1991) suggested that countries may display 3 different reactions to Globalisation:

  • Cultural Homogenisation
  • Cultural Hybridity
  • Cultural Resistance
• Stuart Hall (1991) argued that countries may accept a Global Culture, and all countries will become more similar (This is known as Cultural Homogenisation)
• Stuart Hall (1991) argued that countries may take some parts of Global Culture alongside with their more traditional culture, and develop a new but still individual culture (This is known as Cultural Hybridity)
• Stuart Hall (1991) argued that countries may resist Global Culture and protect their cultural heritage, becoming more traditional and nationalistic (This is known as Cultural Resistance)
• Here are the examples of Stuart Hall's (1991) reactions to Globalisation from different countries:

  • Cultural Homogenisation = America
  • Cultural Hybridity = United Kingdom
  • Cultural Resistance = India
• An example of a country which took the reaction of Cultural Homogenisation in Stuart Hall's (1991) study is America (due to concepts of Americanisation)
• An example of a country which took the reaction of Cultural Hybridity in Stuart Hall's (1991) study is the United Kingdom (due to Concepts of McDonaldization and Stanley Cups/Americanisation with still having national aspects such as Tea)
• An example of a country which took the reaction of Cultural Resistance in Stuart Hall's (1991) study is India (Strong National Identity from Food such as Curry and traditions such as Bollywood)