developmental psychology

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  • The information processing theory suggests that cognitive development is a continuous process that occurs gradually over time.
  • Fertilization, also known as conception, is the process by which sperm and ovum combine to create a single cell called zygote, which then duplicates itself by cell division
  • Ovulation is the rupture of a mature follicle in either ovary and the expulsion of its ovum, occurring monthly until menopause
  • Dizygotic Twins, also known as Fraternal Twins:
    • Result from two separate eggs being fertilized by two different sperms
    • Can be same or different sex
    • May have a genetic basis
  • Monozygotic Twins result from the cleaving of one fertilized egg and are generally genetically identical
  • Heredity is the genetic transmission of heritable characteristics from parents to offspring
  • Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) is a long, spiraling ladder made of pairs of chemical units called bases: Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine
  • Chromosomes are coils of DNA consisting of smaller segments called genes
  • Mitosis is the cell division of non-sex cells
  • Meiosis is the cell division of sex cells
  • Mutation is a mistake in copying genetic code that creates a permanent alteration in genetic material
  • Autosomes are not affiliated with sexual expression
  • Sex Chromosomes, the 23rd pair, indicate the baby’s sex (XX for female, XY for male)
  • Alleles produce alternative expressions of characteristics
  • Homozygous refers to two alleles that are the same
  • Heterozygous refers to two alleles that are different
  • Dominant alleles are always expressed or show up as a trait in that person
  • Recessive alleles usually don’t show unless paired with another recessive trait
  • Polygenetic Inheritance involves the interaction of several genes
  • Phenotype refers to observable characteristics
  • Genotype is the underlying genetic makeup