REN R 205: REPTILES

• amphibia subclass?(vs reptilia)

  lissamphibia
• lissamphibia orders?

  anura, caudata
• families within Anura order? (5)

  ascaphidae, scaphiopodidae, bufonidae, hylidae, ranidae
• lissamphibia characteristics include both aquatic and terrestrial life stages, 3-chambered heart, inefficient lungs so creaches mostly rely on dermal gas exchange, mostly external fertilization.
• anura characterstics include having no true tail (even tailed frogs lol), adults are fully predatorial, and they jump. salta!!
• Ascaphidae (ass-schapidae) have external cloacas that look like tails, and live in fast moving water like dippers! sucker mouths on the tadpoles to hold on.

  
• ascaphidae

  
• scaphiopodidae are spadefoot toads (actually frogs) w VERTICAL pupils, bumpy skin but no parotoid glands, they wait for june monsoon to emerge in ephemeral ponds, and the young tadpoles become cannibalistic in the hot desperate watery fight for survival before the pond dries up and they sink into earth, shedding enough skin to form a cocoon of deep gentle silence. before water comes shouting and dancing once more.
• scaphiopodidae - vertical pupils can be quite round, bumpy but no paratoid glands.

  
• spades on that toad (frog not a toad)

  
• bufonidae characteristics include horizontal pupils, parotoid glands behind the head, terrestrial as adults, they come back to the same places every day, metatarsal and palmar tubercles on back and front feet respectively, can have a few kinds of cranial crest. NO dorsolateral fold (no one other than ranidae does). perform axillary amplexus - males hold on to the ladies under the armpits, real sexy n sweaty. sorry. toad eggs collect in long strands instead of swarms.
• bufonidae - horizontal pupils, bumpy skin and parotoid glands, no webbing betw feet.

  
• Hylidae, or tree frogs, have characteristics like big toe pads, no webbing on hind feet, NO DORSOLATERAL FOLD. boreal chorus frogs, the sound we learn, do not climb but rather stay on the ground.
• boreal chorus frog(hylidae) vs wood frog (ranidae): boreal chorus as an eyestripe that runs through its whole body while wood frog has only an eyestripe - and has dorsolateral fold. picture - wood frog

  
• boreal chorus (hylidae) or wood frog (ranidae)?

  
• Salamander order?

  Caudata
• How many families in Caudata in canada?

  5
• mudpuppies?

  proteidae
• pudmuppies. flattened tail, neotenic: retains juvenile characteristics. tail shorter than body.

  
• lungless salamanders?

  plethodontidae
• plethora of tiny salamanders?

  plethodontidae
• plethodontidae features include tail being longer than the body, and patchy colors (instead of ventral and dorsal difference).

  
• plethodontidae or salamandridae?

  
• plethodontidae or salamandridae?

  
• newts?

  salamandridae
• salamandridae features include being dorsally dark and ventrally pale/brightly colored, and tails is only as long as the body, or shorter. they can have a red eft stage- turn totally red and become terrestrial.
• salamandridae aka newt in red eft stage

  
• mole salamanders?

  ambystomatidae
• ambystomatidae. EXTREMELY dopey faces.

  
• ambystomatidae features include being terrestrial burrowers, but can live in deep water and be neotenic if there's no suitable earth around. dopey faces my dude thats all u need to know. and chonky.
• biggest one? has only one genus

  Dicamptodontidae: dicamptodon

  
• giant salamanders?

  dicamptodontidae
• plethodontidae-nasolabial groove. yes it is extremely hard to see

  
• other amphibia subclass, other than lissamphibia?


  reptilia
• reptilia characteristics include a hemipenis, dry skin, all eggs are amniotic (has amniotic liquid inside egg to protect it) and laid on land and with a shell. if they do have limbs, they are beneath the body instead of on the sides. their lungs are more efficient (look like sponges) and so they do not breathe through their skin like amphibians.
• turtles order?

  testudines
• families inside of testudines?

  chelydridae, emydidae
• chelydridae?


  snapping turtles
• emydidae?

  box and pond turtles
• emydidae or chelydridae?

  emydidae - hinged plastron