IPRA

• Indigenous Peoples are distinct social and cultural groups that share collective ancestral ties to the lands and natural resources where they live, occupy or from which they have been displaced
• Indigenous or Aboriginal peoples are so-called because they were living on their lands before settlers came from elsewhere
• A tribe is a group of people who live and work together in a shared geographical area, having a common culture, dialect, religion, and a strong sense of unity, usually headed by a chief
• An ethnolinguistic group is unified by both a common ethnicity and language, emphasizing language as a major basis for the ethnic group
• Most ethnic groups share a first language, but "ethnolinguistic" is used to highlight the importance of language in the ethnic group, especially in relation to its neighbors
• Ethnic Group is a community or population made up of people who share a common cultural background or descent
• The Indigenous Peoples Rights Act 1997 (Republic Act No. 8371 of 1997) aims to recognize, protect, and promote the rights of Indigenous Cultural Communities/Indigenous Peoples
• IPRA Law includes 5 pillars:

  • Rights to Ancestral Domain
  • Rights to Self-Governance and Empowerment
  • Rights to Tribal Justice System & Human Rights
  • Rights to Cultural Integrity
  • Rights to Enter into Agreement and Peace Pacts
• The Igorots, comprising numerous tribes in the northern Philippines, are mostly residing in the mountain ranges of the Cordillera Region, known for being rice cultivators and for the Rice Terraces, carved more than 2,000 years ago
• The Igorot tribe includes the Bontoc, Ibaloi, Isneg, Kalinga, Kankanaey, and Tinguian groups, with other tribes like Isnag, Gaddang, and Ilongots living in different regions of the north
• In the southern Philippines, the Lumad tribes are prominent
• Tribal tourism involves visiting a place to see or meet the indigenous people who live there
• Reasons people are interested in tribal tourism:

  • Educational opportunity to learn more about the world and meet new people
  • Seeking a more memorable, authentic experience of a place by seeing its indigenous cultures
  • Some view it as a voyeuristic exercise to see people with different appearances and ways of life
• The Sentinelese tribe on North Sentinel Island in the Indian Ocean is known to be the most aggressive uncontacted tribe, actively opposing all contact with foreigners
• The Caribs residing in parts of the Caribbean islands are known for practicing cannibalism, being the first group of individuals in the world to do so
• The Aztecs, existing in the American continent before Columbus, were known for their violent nature and practice of human sacrifice to amuse the sun and moon, whom they acknowledged as gods