vital statistics

• Vital Statistics

  • Systematic approach of obtaining, organizing and analyzing numerical facts so that conclusion may be drawn from them.
  • The mathematical and statistical study of the size, composition, and spatial distribution of human populations and of other changes over time through the process of:

  o   Fertility

  o   Mortality

  o   Migration

  o   Marriage

  • Social mobility
• Use of Vital Statistics

  • Determining the health and illness status of the community
  • Serves as basis for planning, implementing, monitoring and evaluating public health programs and service
  • Determine the growth and dispersal of population in the past
  • To establish a casual relationship between population trends and various aspects of social organization
  • To predict future developments and there possible consequences
• Sources of Data

  • Population census
  • Registration of vital data
  • Studies and researches
  • Health survey
• Philippine Health Statistics

  • Annual report published by the Epidemiology Bureau of the Department of Health
  • Contains natality, morbidity, and mortality statistics
• Registration

  • The legal recording with the authorized officials of the occurrence of an event together with its certain identifying characteristics
  • Continuous, permanent and compulsory recording of vital events and their characteristics in accordance with the legal requirements of the country
  • Birth, death, marriage, etc.
• Laws or Regulations Governing Registration of Births and Deaths

  1.      RA 3753 - Civil Registry Law

  a.      November 1930

  2.      Presidential Decree 651

  a.      January (31) 1975
• Philippine Life Expectancy (2023)

  -         Male: 68.7

  -         Female: 74.7
• The current life expectancy for Philippines in 2023 is 71.66 years, a 0.18% increase from 2022
• Morbidity

  o   Refers to disease states

  o   Number of diseases

  o   Proportion of illness in a population
• Mortality

  o   Refers to death

  o   Number of deaths

  o   Incidence of deaths in a population
• Describing Population Composition:

  -         Sex Composition

  1.       Sex Ratio

  2.      Sex Structure

  -         Age Composition

  1.       Median Age

  2.      Dependency Ratio

  -         Age and Sex Composition

  1.       Population Pyramid
• Sex Ratio

  -         Compares the number of males to the number of females
• Sex Structure

  -         Compares the sex ratio across different categories/levels of another characteristics
• Median Age

  -         The value which cuts-off the upper 50% and lower 50% of the ages of the ages of the population

  -         Used to gauge whether the population is young or old
• Age-Dependency Ratio

  -         Represents the number of dependents that need to be supported by every 100 persons in the economically-active groups
• Health Indicators: Population as Denominators

  • Crude Death Rate
  • Cause-Specific Death Rate
  • Age Specific Death Rate
  • Sex Specific Death Rate
  • Crude Birth Rate
  • General Fertility Rate
• Crude Death Rate (CDR)

  -         Measures rate at which mortality occurs in a given population

  -         Measure of mortality of all causes

  Natural decrease in population
• Cause Specific Death Rate (CSDR)

  -         How much of the afflicted die from a certain disease
• Crude Birth Rate (CBR)

  -         Measures how fast people are added to the population

  -         Measure of the natural growth or increase in population
• -         CBR ≥ 45/1000 = High Fertility Rate

  -         CBR ≤ 20/1000 = Low Fertility Rate
• General Fertility Rate (GFR)

  -         Measures how fast the reproductive-age group reproduces
• -         GFR ≥ 200/1000 = High Fertility Rate

  -         GFR ≤ 60/1000 = Low Fertility Rate
• Health Indicators: Livebirth as Denominators

  • Fetal Death Rate
  • Neonatal Death Rate
  • Infant Mortality Rate
  • Maternal Mortality Rate
• Fetal Death Rate (FDR)

  -         Measures pregnancy wastage

  Death of the product of conception prior to its complete expulsion, irrespective of the duration of pregnancy
• Miscarriage

  o   Sometimes called a spontaneous abortion

  o   Occurs when a baby dies before the 20th week of pregnancy
• Stillbirth

  o   Refers to the death of a baby after the 20th week of pregnancy but before delivery
• Neonatal Death Rate (NDR)

  -         Measures the risk of dying the 1st month of life

  -         Index of the effects of prenatal care and obstetrical management of the child
• Infant Mortality Rate (IMR)

  -         Measures the risk of dying during the 1st year of life

  -         Good and sensitive index of the General Health Condition of a community
• -         Poor Condition

  o   60-150 deaths/1000 births

  -         Severe Condition

  >200 deaths/1000 births
• Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR)

  -         Measures the risk of dying during from causes related to pregnancy, childbirth and puerperium

  -         Index of pre-natal care needed in the community
• Health Indicators: Mortality and Morbidity Indicators

  • Case Fatality Rate
  • Incidence Rate
  • Prevalence Rate
• Case Fatality Rate (CFR)

  -         A higher rate means the disease is fatal

  -         The “killing power” of the disease

  -         The probability of dying from the disease

  Influenced by incomplete reporting and poor morbidity data
• Incidence Rate (IR)

  -         Measures the frequency of occurrence of the phenomenon during a period of time
• Prevalence Rate (PR)

  -         Measures the proportion of the population which exhibits a particular disease at a particular time

  -         Deals with total (new and old) number of cases