What are the water heads found in the bilipid layer of the cell?
Hydrophilic
What is mostly made up of water in a cell?
Cytoplasm
What are attached to various proteins and lipids and modify their functions?
Carbohydrate chains
What is a protein that serves as the function of moving other materials within an organism?
Transport protein
Who died of cervical cancer more than 50 years ago but here cells live on in research laboratories?
Henrietta Lacks
What is this cell that is used to investigate cancer, viral growth, protein synthesis, effects of radiation, and many other processes important in medicine and research?
HeLa cell
What is a nuclear division mechanism that maintains chromosome numbers in daughter cells?
Mitosis
What is this chromosome that is a member of a pair of chromosomes with the same length, shape, and genes?
Homologous chromosome
What type of transport does not require energy for the movement of molecules?
Passive transport
What refers to the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration?
Diffusion
What type of passive transport process where water move from areas where solutes are less concentrated to areas where they are more concentrated?
Osmosis
What is the capability of the solution to modify the volume of cells by altering their water content?
Tonicity
What type of tonicity has low solute concentration and the cell swells (cytosis)?
Hypotonic
What type of tonicity has a high solute concentration and the cell shrinks (plasmolysis)?
Hypertonic
What type of tonicity has the same solute concentration with dynamic equilibrium (balance)?
Isotonic
What is a substance that can be dissolved into a solution?
Solute
What is a substance that is the dissolving medium?
Solvent
What is a homogenous mixture of two or more substances?
Solution
What is the pressure that a fluid exerts against the wall, membrane, or other structure that contains it?
Turgor
What type of transport requires energy for the movement of molecules from low concentration to high concentration?
Active transport
What is the process of particles, which are sometimes called solutes, moving through a solution or gas from an area with a high number of particles to an area with a lower concentration of particles?
Concentration gradient
What is commonly referred to as the energy source of the cell?
ATP
What is the flow of membrane material between endomembrane compartments and the plasmalemma that is essential for the transport of proteins and other macromolecules to various destinations inside and outside of the cell?
Membrane trafficking
What is this process where a cell takes in a small amount of extracellular fluid by ballooning inward of its cellular membrane?
Endocytosis
What is this process where a cell expels a vesicle's content to the extracellular fluid by merging the vesicle with the plasma membrane?
Exocytosis
What is this process where an endocytic pathway by which cells such as macrophages and other white blood cells engulf particles such as microbes or cellular debris?