digestive system

• The mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine are all primary organs within the digestive system
• Our digestive glands, teeth, tongue, and gallbladder are apart of the accessory organs within the digestive system
• where does ingestion occur?

  mouth
• propulsion occurs in the small and large intestine, pharynx, esophagus, and stomach
• mechanical digestion occurs in the mouth, stomach, and small intestine
• chemical digestion occurs in the small and large intestines, mouth, and stomach
• where does absorption occur?

  Small intestine
• the deepest layer of the alimentary canal is the mucosa
• the submucosa "houses" or holds the vessels
• the muscular externa helps push food in one direction
• the serosa layer holds everything together like a sack
• the epiglottis closes off the larnyx
• the aroma, taste, sight, or thought of food triggers the cephalic (reflex) phase
• the gastric phase stretches the stomach and causes the pH of gastric juices to rise
• what inhibits gastrin secretion?

  excessive acidity and emotional stress
• intestinal gastrin encourages gastric glands to secrete
• parietal cells make HCl
• chief cells make enzymes that target proteins only
• enteroendocrine cells make hormones that tell us we're hungry
• neck cells make a thin mucus
• cholecystokinin is released once food is pushed into the small intestine
• the liver produces bile for export to duodenum
• bile is a fat emulsifier
• the gallbladder is a storage organ for bile
• the pancreas supplies enzymes and bicarbonates that help break down chyme while neutralizing the stomach